File #1771: "FRIEND_18610401.pdf"

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he
riend

HONOLULU,

Ueto Series, ©al. 10, So. 4.}
Mimn
For April. 1801.
(

Agricultural rrogress at the SandwichIsland.
American Ballon' Righta
City College of Ban Franclaoo

Hawaiian Statistics Vitalized
Editor's Tabic
Poetry—"Stand like an AnTil"
GuanoIslands
The Doctrines of the Bible
J. J. Jarves, K«q
Harry's Epistle to Willie, tc, tc

PiOI.
So
25,29,27
23
28, 29

»

29
29
30
30
82

THE FRIEND,
APRIL 1, 1801.
Agricultural

Progress at the

Sandwich

Islands.

It is exceedingly interesting to watch the
pursuits, and the inplants, vegetables,
has been the custom
that tree, plant and
not
vegetable would
grow, the climate was
too warm, or some other insuperable difficulty existed. The success which has attended the introduction of certain plants,
should lead us to be very cautious in expressing our opinions before the experiment
is made.
A few years ago, it was stoutly asserted
that wheat could not be produced, but now
more than enough can be easily raised for
home consumption. Well do we remember
when an ear of Indian corn was a great
rarity, but last week, on the road to Ewa, we
saw more than twenty acres of as fine looking
Indian corn as ever greW in Massachusetts
or Illinois. Who does not remember when
it was said roses and flowers could not be
raised in Honolulu, and now the most beautiful bouquets are gathered at all seasons.
Strawberries, and peaches even, are becoming common upon the islands. Only a few
years since, it was thought quite impossible
to produce good butter, but mow an article
finds it way to our markets vicing in quality
with butter from Goshen, N. V., and we
hope that something in the way of cheese
progress of Agricultural
troduction of flowers,
cereals and animals. It
to assert that this and

APRIL 1, 1861.

25

{(Dli Scries, M 18.

AMERICAN SAILORS' RIGHTS.
will soon be produced, out-doing Cheshire.
and
Why not? Our beef and mutton call forth Protection Include* Relief when Sick
Destitute— Y. 8. Government Sailors'
even an Englishman's commendation. This,
Savings Bank—The Charitable Dodgetoo, is to become a land of honey. The
Two Living Facts—Ladies' Stranger's
Friend Society of Honolulu.
old fogy wise-acres asserted that in our sunThe laws of the United States recognize
ny islands the bee would become lazy, and
five different classes of seamen sailing unit would no longer be true,
How doth the little busy bee ,
der the American flag:
" Improve,
each shining hour," &C.
Ist. Merchant Seamen.
We now have busy and industrious bees,
2d. Fishermen.
3d. Whalemen.
and excellent honey. Only a few months
4th. Coasters, and
since, one hive was imported from California,
sth. Men-of-Wars-men.
and hives are reckoned by scores in some
There are laws relating to these several
parts of the islands. The honest truth is, we
classes.
Our design will now be to make
in
do not know what will thrive and grow
laws, so far as they
the Sandwich Islands until a fair trial has a fair exhibition of those
relate
the
and
relief of seamen,
to
protection
been made. All praise to those who are laor
and destitute
found
sick
discharged
boring to introduce plants, vegetables, flowers, when
seamen
laws
entitle
These
in
ports.
islands,
foreign
and whatever will adorn our fair
of
relief
consequence
in
to
and
protection
rendering them still more lovely and inviting.
sea- M
are
imposed
taxes
which
upon
certain
towns,
school
Only give us churches in our
houses in our villages, a happy and growing men when in health, or upon the owners
be dispopulation, waving fields, green pastures, of ships from which seamen may
foreign
ports.
numerous herds and flocks, a stable govern- charged, while in
The Tax upon Seamen.— All seamen enment, and where will you find a more desirain the American service, on board
gaged
ble home than upon these sunny islands ?
vessels of war, merchant vessels and coasters, are taxed twenty cents per month. The
John Knox.—In a late number, we had occa- tax was originally, by an Act of Congress,
sion to allude to thisold Scotch Reformer. In a imposed only upon seamen engaged in forlate number of the Ayr Advertiser, we find re- eign trade. The Act dates as far back as
ports of the meetingfof the " Tri-centenary of the 1798: "It is provided that the master or ownReformation," which have been held in Scotland. er of every vessel of the United States, shall
In the addresses on the occasion, we see that the pay to the Collector at the rate of twenty
memory of Knox is referred to in terms of the cents per month, out of his wages, for every
warmest commendation. Remarks the Rev. Mr. seaman employed on board the vessel, since
at any port of the U.
Pinkerton, in regard to events three hundred she was last entered
was subsequently exprovision
S."
This
years ago:
tended to the coasting trade, vessels employsd
The spirit of the Reformation spreads from
"
upon the waters of the Mississippi, and to
The
Romish
the
land
to
another.
one end of
officers, seamen, and mariners of the
the
system
and
that
gigantic
Hierarchy is broken up,
held
This money is denominated Hotpifor
Navy.
so many centuries
of iniquity, whioh
Scotland spell-bound, falls prostrate before the tal money, and the annual increase from this
power of truth. A voioe like the blast of a
trumpet is heard—it Is the voioe of Knox."
la not a similar reformation now in progress
throughout Italy?
A man that hath no virtue in himself ever
will
envieth virtue in others, for men's minds
s
either feed upon their own good or upon other
evil; and who wanteth ths one will prey upon
the other

,

assessment is very great.

Whalemen and fishermen are exempted
from paying this tax, in consequence of the
peculiar nature of their enlistment and enOftentimes they make long
gagement.
cruises, and from ill-success, do not have any
wages due them. It would be exceedingly
hard to exact from them the payment of this
Hospital tax.

THE FRIEND, APRIL, 1861.

26

are certain persons about whose right of
protection and relief there can be no possible question, viz: native born American
citizens, or regularly naturalized persons of
foreign extraction, who have become American citizens according to the laws of the
United States. But are these persons alone
entitled to the protection and benefits of these
laws and privileges ? We think not. We
have taken the position, and until more
cogent reasoning and better authorities are
produced than appeared in the Commercial
Advertiser of March 7th, over the signature
of " Usque nd Finem," we regard our position as good, that Jefferson was right when
he said, " that the vessel being American,
shall be evidence that the seamen on board
are such,'' and furthermore, that Webster was
right when he wrote, " that in every regularly documented merchant vessel, seamen
shall find their protection in the flag which
port."
This exaction was not formerly made, is over them."
If now in that flag only twenty-five stars
when seamen were discharged from whaleships, or there was very great latitude allow- are seen, where thirty-three a few days ago
ed to Consuls in the interpretation of this were to be found, we doubt not that its folds
law. A different rule now prevails : seamen are abundantly ample to protect, provide for,
when discharged from whaleships in accord- and relieve all sailing under it, whether
ance with the law, are treated the same as born in "Old England or New, the Cape dc
those discharged from national vessels, or Verd Islands or Rhode Island, Africa or
America, Polynesia or District of Colummerchant ships.
We have called attention to these two bia." We do not care whether they ever
sources of income to the Treasury of the saw the coasts of the United States or whisUnited States, for the purpose of showing tled Yankee Doodle on the 4th of July, but
that American seamen are entitled to cer- if found on board of an American ship, they
tain privileges when sick and destitute. are entitled to both protection and relief, as
Their payment of the twenty cents per American seamen. They are not to be
month tax, and the extra wages, entitles treated as " paupers of foreign lands." That
them to certain rights, hence, when they this position is not a charitable dodge on our
come forward to claim relief, it is not in the part, or "a little spread-eagle-ism in the
light of a bounty or charity, that they are to grand court of popularity," we shall now
be provided for and protected. The laws proceed to show.
Our first authority is that of Chancellor
entitle them to relief as a right. This is
one of the sailors' rights, clearly defined by Kent, who remarks as follows :
"The Act of Congress of March 3d, 1818, c. 184,
laws of the United States.
declared that no seaman, who was not a native or
sent
U.
S.
Consuls
are
abroad
for
W
the naturalized citixen of the United States, should be
purpose of seeing that the seamen, sailing employed on board of any public or private vessel of
under the flag of the United States, are pro- the United States. But the provision against the
tected in the full enjoyment of this right. employment of foreign seamen is probably without
for it applies only to those nations wbo
Consuls may have other duties to discharge, any efficacy,
in like manner have prohibited the employbut this duty just referred to, is their special shall
ment of American seamen. There is no other Act of
duty. The following language, we quote Congress which prohibits the employment of foreign
from A Manual for Consuls," published seamen in our ships ; and while foreigners are emunder the authority of the United States ployed as seamen in our merchant ship*, tbey are

Extra Wages. —When seamen are discharged before an U. S. Consul, in a foreign
port, three months extra wages, or 836,
must be paid. If the seaman enters a hospital or otherwise* receives relief from the
Consul, the U. S. Government claims the
full amount of this sum, which has been
paid, but if the seaman receives no relief, but
re-ships for any port of the United States,
then two-thirds of this amount, $24, is refunded to the seaman. In the law of Congress, dating as far back as 1803, it is expressly M.ited, that the amount retained by
the Government is
" for the purpose of
creating a fund for the payment of the passages of seamen, or mariners, citizens of the
United States, who may be desirous of
returning to the United States, or for the
maintenance of American seamen who may
be destitute, and may be in such foreign

"

.

foreigners to be employed as seamen in the merchant
ships of the United States ; and while so employed,
they are clearly within the protection of our laws ;
and it seems to me they are to be deemed to be mari' the
ners and seamen of the United States' within
language and policy of the Aot of 1808, c 62. There
seems a studious caution in the Act, not to confine
the relief to American nitlims. but to give the beneof it to all seamen in the merchant service,
fit
whether natives or foreignert. But the argument is,
that foreigners are no longer considered as holding
the character of ' mariners and seamen of the United
States' than while they actually belong to a ship of the
United States in that character. I greatly doubt if
that proposition is maintainable in its full eitent.
Many cases may be stated in which such a construction would involve great inoonvenience and hardships,
and be repugnant to the sound policy of the Act."—
Ibid, page 124.

The foregoing are the views of Judge
Story, who, it may be assumed, was able
to "construe law." Supported by such authorities, we entertain no manner of doubt that
our position is good, hence we reason that
the moment a seaman is shipped on board an
"American vessel" he becomes an "American seaman," and is subject to all the laws of
the United States; is amenable to the United
States for all offenses committed by him on
said vessel on the high seas, and when in
any foreign port; is either discharged or not,
as the Consul may determine. He is treated
in all respects as if he was a native born seaman. His wrongs are redressed as if he was
such. If he is discharged from any cause,
before his term of service is out, $36 is
exacted and paid by the master of the vessel
from which he was discharged. It is absurd
then to say that he is not entitled to be
taken care of"from a fund which has been
"contributed
through him. If so, it would
seem that a foreigner by birth, although
under the American flag, should be used for
the purpose of creating a fund for native-born
Americans. Will any one contend for a principle so unjust as that?
We often find laws apparently, and sometimes really, conflicting. The safe rule in
construing such laws, is to ascertain the
objects intended to be accomplished by their
passage.

Why should the Secretary of State, in
issuing his instructions, refer to the opinions
of Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Webster, under the
head of "Protection and Care of Seamen,"
if he did hot intend that " care" should follow

deemed mariners and seamen within the Act of Con- protection.?
gress of 1808, c. 62, respecting provision for them by
Again, if a foreigner is on board of an
On* essential object of the Consular appoint- Consuls when destitute abroad. And in the Naviga- "American ship," and from that fact alone
ment is the protection of Araerioan Mariners—a tion Acts of Ist March, 1827, c. 204, a discrimination
impressment, cnn it be for
class of our fellow citiiens whose habits of life re- is made in favor of American citiiens as seamen,rela- is exempt
quire a kind guardianship of their persons and in- tive to the ashing bounty and to foreign seamen."— one moment supposed that such foreigner,
terests in foreign countries, but at the same time a Kenft Commentary, Vol. 8, 7/A Edition.
when sick or destitute, can be discharged in
strict vigilanoe over their oooduot. The law makes
Our
second
is
that
of
a
authority
Judge
foreign port, as a pauper, after having renit the duty of American Consular officers to provide,
:
Story
dered
services as long as he wns capable
mariners
at the publio expense, for all
and seamen
Foreigners while employed as seamen in the mer- under the American flag ? The idea is preof the United States merchant marine, who may be
found destitute within their respective'districts. It chant ship are deemed to be mariners and seamen posterous. The United States is willing to
is no bar to their relief that they have been left of the United States' within the language and policy wage war to prevent the
impressment, and
abandoned by the wreok of their vessel, or other- of the AotlM, o. 62."—Sumner's Report, Vol. 8,
yet not willing to take care of the seaman
wise, oa a foreign shore. They are still Mariners page 116.
"And the jury were further instructed by the who has become sick and destitute in her
and Seamen of the United Bute*,' and the circumstances a/ their destitution, entitle! them to ail the Judge, that the Consul might rightfully judge on service!! !
of what vessel, then being in the port of
benefits and protection provided by thefourth section board
The principle now contended for is a blow
belonging to a citizen of the United States,
of the act of February 28, 1808. They are within Smyrna,
the words of the act, and they are within all the and bound to the United States, he would place the aimed at the whaling interest, and if carried
reasons of humanity and policy which actuated its said William Mann, if then and there a destitute out, must inevitably destroy it It is well
mariner of the United States, though it were now known that
provisions."
many of the whaling ships do
proved that the said William was at that time an
The question now arises, who are entitled English subject, and a deserter from the ship Mars ; not enter an American port for years, and
to the various rights and privileges specified that having acquired the obaracter of a mariner of that they annually have to change 'their
one of theorew of the crews in foreign ports, and to depend to a
and referred to in these laws qf Congress the United States, by becoming
Mars in manner above stated, he was, if desti- very great extent on
and Consular Instructions r or, in other ship
foreign-born seamen to
tute or in distress, entitled to relief from the Consul
word*, who are American seamen ? In an- of
navigate their ships; they are required in
the United States.—lbid, page 119.
swer to this question, we remark, that there
It is notorious that our laws authorie* and allow certain caws to pay three months extra wages

Government:

"

from

"

'

"

'

for such seamen; if, in addition to this, they
be required, at their own expense, to take care
of all such seamen, few indeed would be
found willing to engage in such a business.
United States Government Sailors' Savings
Bank. —From the foregoing oiscussion and
the exhibition of the laws of the United
States, relating to seamen employed on
board vessels flying the American flag, it
will appear that Government employs its
Treasury as virtually a savings bank for
the sailor, when sick and destitute, or discharged from his ship in a foreign port.
Suppose the merchant sailor, coaster, or
man-of-wars-man, is employed the year
around, then he pays an annual tax of two
dollars and forty cents ($2,40) in this
savings bank. The sum thus contributed,
added to that of the extra wages' exaction,
will show an amount at the year's end of
many hundreds of thousand of dollars—aye
millions of dollars have been thus deposited
in the Treasury of the United States. This
money is the sailor's hard earnings. It is
the forced contribution which the Government compels the sailor to make. It is a
most sacred deposit, taken in trust by the
Government for the sailor's benefit, when
sick, destitute and disabled. The officers of
Government, President,

Secretaries and

1861.

Diplomatists, in negotiating the
treaty securing the existing free navigation laws,
between the two greatcoiniucrcial nations. (Jreat
good will nn doubt thereby result to commerce,
and numerous merchants become princely rich ;
and American

cise, that he could not, in conscience, avail
himself of what has been styled a charitable
dodge! His instructions would not allow
him to follow out the dictates of humanity,
the impulse of his heart, or the sound principles of common sense.
About that period the cases of distress became so frequent in Honolulu under the
operation of a wrong interpretation of the
Irw by the State department at Washing,
ton, that it called into existence the Ladies'

but it is a sad pity, that common justice cannot
be meted out to the foreign seamen Bailing under
the respective flags of the two countries. Cannot British ministers, and American statesmen
frame some law, or negotiate some treaty, for the
protection of those seamen of other countries
who are induced to ship on board English and
American vessels. Not, however, to deal in jreneralitics, for. according to tlio old Saxon proverb, Stranger's Friend Society."
The ladies of the city not only undertook
one fact is worth u thousand arguments, and, of
to provide for those who should have been
course, two will be worth twicethat number.

"

" The First.—This day, September 6th, two
crippled sailors have visited our sanctum, on errands similar to that which, near eighteen hundred years ago, brought a certain cripple to the
gate of Solomon's empie," which is called Beautiful, to ask alms of them that entered into the
temple." Now for a brief history of these two
crippled sons of Neptune. One is a Portuguese,
native of the Western Islands. He was taken
from his home in the Atlantic, and brought into
the Pacific, on condition of receiving about the
th lay," on board an American whale ship.
"Ere200long,
sick and lame, the captain puts him
ashore in Honolulu, hiring an irresponsible man
for $30, to take care of him until he recovered !
But why does he not go to the U. S. Hospital,
with Yankee seamen ? Oh, he is a foreigner without an American protection ! Months pass away,
he does not recover, but he does suffer from hunger, and want ofmedical care. Ere long a few
friends subscribe and pay his board, while recovering from the amputation of his leg, which the
surgeon cu/j off gratis. He has no trade, and
must live upon charity, but wouldrejoice to return to his native shores.
"No United States officer, Commodoreor Consul
has power to send him home, or to a port in the
United States, or even to pay a penny for his support. This is wrong !it is inhuman ! American vessels ought not to be allowed to induce foreign seamen to ship under the United States flag,
unless the law protect and provide for them when
sick and disabled.
" The other living fact is in the shape of a Lascar minus his two legs. These were lost while in
the employ of an English shipowner. Being no
longer useful on board, and unable to go " aloft,"
hemustgo ashore—but where? To " Little Grenwich." No, he is not an Englishman, but a foreigner. He may work for the Englishman, but
if sick and crippled, he must hobble and beg, like
hie Portuguese brother. This, too, is wrong ! it
is unjust! it is inhuman ! English vessels should
not be allowed to ship foreign seamen under the
British flag, unless the law protect and provide
for those seamen when sickand crippled. Reader, if you chance to meet in the streets of Honolulu the poor Portuguese, hobbling on three legs,
or the poor Lascar hobbling on/our, give biin a
sovereign, which is more than the American or
British Consular Representatives arc allowed to do
in their official capacity. We hope to witness
still greater improvements in the Navigation Laws
of the two countries.
"Cases similar to those now referred to, are constantly occurring in this, and every port visited
by English and American shipping. It is a subject demanding speedy, humane, and just legislative action, at the hands of English and American law-makers."
It will be inferred from the above facts,
that Judge Allen, who was the United States
Consul at that time, did not interpret the
laws oft 1 c United States in such a manner
as would allow him to provide for distressed

the appointed trustees of this
fund. Their duties are clearly defined, as
much so as those of the Trustees of a mutual savings bank. If this is the correct
view of the intention of the Government,
then it is a subject of no ordinary interest
that there should be a right disposal of those
funds. They should be invested in that way
and manner which will most essentially
contribute to the end aimed at when seamen
are compelled to pay their taxes. To waste,
pervert, or otherwise misapply those funds
becomes a grave offense, and in the very
highest degree censurable and culpable. We
think it highly proper that the attention of
the public should be called to this.
The Charitable Dodge.—American Consuls
at the Sandwich Islands have been accused
of resorting to a charitable dodge in their
interpretation of the laws of the United
States, in allowing foreigners not naturalized, but serving on board American ships,
to enjoy the benefits of Hospital relief at
Lahaina and Honolulu. The editor of the
Friend has been taunted with applauding of
this dodge on the part of the Consuls.—See
Boston Commercial Bulletin of Oct. 26th,
1860, and Pacific Commercial Advertiser of
Feb. 27th. It is sneeringly insinuated that
the editor of the Friend has done this while
professing to advocate sailors' rights,. So
far as Consuls have thus interpreted the
Laws of the United States and acted in accordance with such an interpretation, we
have and do still approve of their course.
To have acted otherwise, would have been
wrong and cruel, in our humble opinion.
This is a point upon which we feel particularly sensitive, for we have had occasion to
argue and write upon the subject in bygone years. As long ago as October, 1850,
we published an article upon this subject,
and which we now republish, because the American seamen, unless native born, or dufacts are peculiarly illustrative of the sub- ly naturalized and carrying amongHistheir
in.
ject under present discussion:
papers an American protection.
we
•' Two Living Facts.—The world rings with (fractions from the State Department,
praises upon the recent achievement of English understand, were so very stringent and preConsuls, are

27

THE FRIEND, APRIL,

supported by the United States Government,
but they also drew up and signed a petition,
addressed to the President and Senate of
the United States. This petition was for-

warded by Commissioner Severance. No
direct reply was ever received, but very soon
more liberal instructions were issued from
the State Department to Consul Ogden. During the last five or six years, U. S. Consuls
have pursued the liberal policy, as we think
they ought always to have done, according
to the spirit of the laws and general policy
of the United States Government, towards
seamen under the United States flag. If
hereafter the United States Consul should
decline providing for seamen discharged from
American ships because they were not duly
naturalized, we shall not only appeal to the
Ladies' Stranger's Friend Sociey to provide
for such men, (as they have formerly done,)
but suggest to the ladies that they make a
formal complaint against such Consul to the
United States Government. The British,
French and other Consuls, must not expect
to escape the supervision of the ladies,
should they be negligent in an affair of
this nature! We think the influence of the
ladies will have a most potent influence in
leading the Consuls to make a charitable
and correct interpretation of the laws of
nations!

Those two living facts are still residents
of Honolulu. The British fact still may be
seen hobbling or crawling about the streets
of this city, sustained by the precarious
charity of the inhabitants. In our opinion
he ought to have been taken care of by the
British Consul and sent back to his native
land, or otherwise supported by the British
Government. The American fact has contrived to secure a scanty livelihood by acting
as a clerk in a small retail store in Nuuanu
street. We contend that both these cases
rightfully should have been provided for by
the British and American Consuls. A contrary policy is unjust and unworthy the
character of great commercial nations. We
thus argue, because we believe that these
seamen may claim of right to be cared for
as well as protected by the flag under which
they sail. When Consuls thus interpret the
laws of the United States or Great Britain,
we shall applaud their conduct, and their
course will receive our "flattering unction."
The Consuls of the United States and
their employees may have erred upon other
points, and their charges may have been
exorbitant, but that is not a matter which
concerns us, or which we*feel called upon to
discuss or investigate. Our great desire it
and has been, to see the Government officials take care of American seamen when
sick, disabled and destitute. This is what

THE FRIEND, APRIL,

28

the Government intends and expects shall be
done. If in doing this honorable and praiseWorthy labor, the public officials conduct
unfairly and unjustly, then to their own consciences, the Government and American
public they are responsible.
The time has come when any abuses
which have prevailed in the United States
Consulates at the Sandwich Islands, are to
be investigated and opened up to the world.
We hope these investigations will result in
a thorough re-organization of the system.
Let sailors have their rights such as are secured to them by the laws of the United
States, and let those who are entrusted with
the execution of the laws, act in accordance
with their solemn oaths as honest men, and
faithful public functionaries.
City College of San Francisco.

In the Pacific Expositor for March, we
find an interesting account of the opening of
this Institution. The Inaugural Address of
President Burrowes, is replete with noble
thoughts, classic allusions, and some excellent observations upon the training of young
men. His views upon physical training,
classical learning and Bible knowledge are
sound. We refer with special delight to his
views upon parental influence :
" The parent who severs himself from the
education of his child must expect that education to be faulty and incomplete. Many
persons never look after this matter, thinking their duty is done when they have
passed it over into what they think competent
hands. Becoming dissatisfied with the progress of the pupil, they refer it entirely to
neglect on the part of the instructor, never
thinking there may have been neglect with
themselves. Would you think a man was
dealing justly by himself who would employ the best of clerks, and then surrender
his business into such hands, without everlooking after it or inquiring into the condition of affairs ? What then must be said of
the parent who employs the best of teachers
and never gives the education of his children another thought ?"
In the same No. of the Expositor, is Dr.
Scott's address upon the same occasion,
evincing that his mind is fully awake to the
importance of furnishing California with
good schools and colleges.
A writer in the Alta, referring to the
opening of this new college, speaks of it as
the " Westernmost College of the world,"
while the Sandwich Islands, the farthermost
east, are also supplied with a college. "It
follows, then, that the City College of San
Francisco supplies the link in a great chain
of collegiate education embracing the world."
"The Thames Church Mission" in
London keeps a vessel cruising on the
river Thames, to maintain worship and
afford chances of religious instruction to
that amphibious race who live within the
sound of all the bells of London, as completely heathen as if they were upon the
rafts ot China. Public worship is held on
board this missionary vessel both on the
Sabbath and on week days.

186 1.

THE FRIEND.
APRIL 1. 1861.
Hawaiian Statistics Vitalized.

To most readers, long columns of figures, arranged into statistical tables are the most uninteresting of all printed matter. They look at them

and away from them. However important in
themselves, and however valuable for reference,
these statistics may be, still nine-tenths of newspaper readers caro no more for them than they
would for so much waste pupcr. It is of no use
to reason with such persons upon the intrinsic
value of the statistical calculations, all they desire is the footing up," or " tho grand total."
"
In former years we have published the Custom
House Statistical Tables, besides a grand summary of other calculations relating to tho progress of affairs upon the Sandwich Islands, but
this year we shall confine ourselves to the
footing up," while we throw over the dry
bones of Hawaiian statistics a covering to
conceal their repulsiveness, and if possible we
shall try and vitalize the "mass of figures"
which our neighbors of the Advertiser and Polynesian have been spreading before the reading
public, but which we do not believe the public
has read !
A census of the Hawaiian Kingdom has just
been completed, from which it appears that in
Anno Domini 1860, there were upon tho Islands, a grand total of 69,800, including 2,716
foreigners, leaving 67,084 natives. But it appears rather strange that while there are 67,084
natives in all, still of these there are 35,375
males and 31,705 females. Showing that among
natives there are 3,670 more males than females.
Here is a fact for your ethnologists, missionaries
and statisticians to consider and explain. In
most countries there are more females than
males, but here the opposite fact appears. A
writer in a late English Review reports that the
same fact is disclosed in the statistical tables of
New Zealand and other Polynesian nations.
Horses, Mules, Dogs and Donkeys. —Let us
now see what these 69,800 people own as property. We will begin with horses. Twentysix thousand and six hundred of the people
might at once mount so many horses, for that
number is reported, but we must deduct 125
horses, to draw the same number of carriages,
now to be found in Honolulu and elsewhere.
Of mules wo learn that there are 2,580, while
no mention is made of donkeys. Dogs, however,
occupy a conspicuous place among Hawaiian
statistics, but we find only 5,843 reported. Can
it be that the enumerators have been faithful?
What, only 5,843 dogs! Verily we supposed there
were half that number in the capital. The
Apostle Paul exhorts the Philippians to " beware of dogs," applying that term, doubtUse, to
a class of bad men. We think our miuionary
brethren might employ the text, while giving it
a more literal interpretation. There was a time,
even within the memory of some \ till living,
when members of the canine specie) woro devoted to other purposes than keeping tatcli, or
attending upon their masters. Ilereaftt let no
epioure visitor call for baked dog! If thy-e are
only 5,843 remaining, surely we have nine to
■pare ! Mr. Goodale, Collector of Customs, re-

"

ports among imports for 18C0, two dogs, valued
at $10. We hope tfcey will improve the race
Deaths and Births.—Our statistical tables
show that during the past seven years, there
have been 7,006 deaths and only 3,668 births,
showing a decrease of 3,338 since 1*53, or in
round numbers of 500 per annum. It does not
appear whether the census of 1853 was taken
prior or subsequent to the terribloravages of the
smallpox; if prior, thon the annual decrease
has been comparatively smnll; but if subsequent,
then as we have given it, about 500 per annum
The decrease was estimated previous to 1850, at
1,000per annum ; hence, from such data as we
arc able to gather, we infer that tho decrease of
the population has been partially arrested. At
Tahiti, the decrease was very rapid some years
ago, but recent tables show that the inhabitants
on that island are now increasing.
Personal and RealEstate. —The total amount
of personal property is valued at $2,845,424,
whilereal estate is valued at $3,451,867, hence,
its grand total of personal nnd real estate, foots
up $6,297,291, about one-fourth part of the
property valuation of Astor of New York.
Poor as we are, Uncle Sam has not money
enough to buy us out! As for selling out to
any European millionaire or nation, it is not
to be thought of. In our poverty, we are a
thousand times better off than any of those reputed rich nations which cannot pay their interest money to the decendants of Abraham.
Imports and Exports. —As for importsand exports, last year's imports amounted to $1,223,--749 05, while exports to $807,459 20. Among
the imports, we notice one of the items to be
14,277 gallons of spirits. Next year there will
be doubtless a great falling off, in consequence
of the new water works! 11 is a subject of no
little interest to look over the list of imported
goods necessary to keep the inhabitants alive, at
work, in health, and amused./ During the past
year, we see reported 500,872 yards of prints or
calico, or 16 yards to every female upon the
islands. Thfs estimate does not include the
muslins, ginghams, silks, satins, lawns, and
other fabrics worn by females. This statistical
item will confirm the remark made in our hearing a few days since, by an English importer,
that no nation, in proportion to its population,
consumed as many yards of calico-prints as
the Hawaiians. With prints, there has been imported a long list of articles too numerous to republish, including machinery for one new sugar
plantation, 28 grossof jewsharps, 12canary birds,
lOmolodeons, 6 pianofortes, 20 carriages, 33 cases
of pain-killer, 920 taels of opium, 598 sacks of
onions, 2 opera glasses, thirty one thousand
dollars' worth of boots and shoes, and 40,000
hats, thus furnishing every male inhabitant
with a new hat. Among agricultural instruments, we notice 10 corn shelters, 48 yokes, 34
dozen wheel-barrows, 179 plows, and 122 dozen spades.
Books and Periodicals.—Do not imagine, gentle reader, that we are entirely given up to pursuits unintellectual and gross. We have purchased twelve thousand dollars' worth of books
during the last year, besides any quantity of
newspapers, magazines, reviews, periodicals,
and other publications, brought hither in overloaded California mails. Visit any part of the

THE FRIEND, APRIL, 1861.
islands, and you will find all the leading periodicals of the day scattered abroad among foreigners, while tho native population aro furnished with their weekly Roe and monthly
Hoku Loa.
But we aro spinning out our remarks to quite
an unreasonable length. We confess ourself
among the number that delights to ponder over
tables of statistics. There is a real charm in
seeing a nation set forth in figures.' It is pleasant to see people dressed up in a figured attire !
With how much interest we should peruse statistics of the Antediluvians' Has music
charms, so have figures! If our limits would
allow, we should be pleased to exhibit in figures
the law-abiding, go-to-meeting, sabbath-keeping,
school-attending, peace-loving habits of the
inhabitants of these fair islands. We are not
troubled with secession difficulties or revolutionary
insurrections. It ill becomes us to envy the inhabitants of other lands, but thankfully enjoy
the many blessings which fall to our lot, under
the easy rule and mild sway of a government
presided over by His Majesty Kamehameha IVth,
whose standing army, according to the last report of the Secretary of War, consisted of 120
soldiers, 1 major, 1 captain, 1 drummer, 1 fifer,
and 4 corporals. Thus it appears that the proportion is two soldiers to one thousand of the
population. Is not that proportion rather large,
Mr. Secretary?

I'Rits

Editor's Table.

delivered before the Dashaway Association of San
i»o,i, on Sunday Evening, June 17th, 1800, by William
Witt.
1 upon the Philosophy of the Dashaway Association,
red by E. R. Higkton, Esq., February 19th, 1860.
l, Ita Uses and Abuaet i a Series of Lectures delivered
the Dashaway Association of San Francisco, by /.
11, As*. D.% Professor of Chemistry in the University of
wine.

est and honorable man engaged in this business,
who would sooner cut his right band off than to
sell you poisoned liquor, even if he could make a
large profit by it. I know such nion among my
neighbors and acquaintances hero in this city.

But, on tho other hand, there are among liquor
dealers, as among all other classes of men, villains who will stick at nothing if they can but
gain the dollar. These arc the men who coin the
blood and tears of their fellows into gold. It is
not enough that thoy are growing rich in legitimate trade, thoy must be suddenly rich and to
increase their gains they impart to their whisky
that peculiar flavor and forco which old topers
love, in order to augment their sales. They do
this by tho use of strychnine, the alkaloidal principal of nux vomica; one of the most deadly of
the narcotico-ucrid poisons. Strychnine is a
grayish whito powder, insoluble in water, but
soluble in alcohol; and hence tho frequency of
its use and the difficulty of detection. The salts
of copper and of lead are often used for adulterating liquors; both of these are powerful poisons.
But strychnine is in most frequent use. This
poison exerts its force upon the nervous centers.
It does not seem to affect the intellect until it
extinguishes it at last in the destruction of the
body. A grain and a half is generally enough
for a fatal dose. It produces trembling and
rigidity of the muscles, and gives a maniacal expression to the face, although the intellect is not
deranged. It manifests its power usually in fits
or paroxysms, with intervals of comparative calm
between them, and during these calm intervals,
the victim appears quiet and rational, and occasionally asks for water.
" During thefits or paroxysms, the limbsbecome
rigid, the muscles tremble, breathing is nearly
suspended, the pulse hardly perceptible, and the
lips, tongue and fingers become blue. Sometimes
the whole face becomes livid, the mouth foams as
in hydrophobia, and the pupil of the eye is
dilated. Sometimes the whole body is stiffened,
the neck is thrown back violently, the chest is
fixed, and the eyes protrude and glare horribly
from their sockets. Death usually occurs in one
of these paroxysms; but sometimes after it is
past, from the exhaustion which it occasions.
As soon as death takes placo, there succeeds a
paleness and such a calm repose, that if the poisoner should come and look at his victim, he
would not dream of the fierce struggle which life
maintains against such a destroyer as strychnine.
How applicable are the words of the poet Shelly
to the victim of strychnine whisky

;

29
"Stand like an Anvil."

"Stand like an anvil!" when the strokes
Of stalwart strength fail fierce and fast;
Sttiiing but more deeply root the oaks,
Whoso brawny arms embrace the blast.
"Stand like an anvil!" when the spark*
Fly far and wide, a fiery shower;
Virtue and truth must still be marks
Where malice proves its want of power
like an anvil!" when the bar
" Stand
Lies red and slowing on its breast;
Duty shall be lire's leading star,
Aud conscious innocenco its rest.
Stand like an anvil!" when the sound
Of ponderous hammers pains the oar;
Thine be the still and stern rebound
Of the great heart that cannot fear.
"Stand like an anvil!" noise and heat
Are born of earth and die with time;
The soul, like God. its Bource and seat,
Is solemn,still,serene,sublime,

"

•

—Bishop Doam

From the Guano Islands—Sad Accident.—We
are under obligations to Capt. Stone for the full report furnished to us of his cruise among the guano
islands, during his absence of three months, lie
states that the wildest and most terrific surf has been
prevailing at all the islands for the post few month?,
which has ever been known. At .lowland's Island
he found that two agents of the United States Guano Co." had been landed, although that island was
at the time and has been for two years, in possession
of the" American Guano Co./* who have laid buoys,
erected buildings, and made other improvements. The
agents of the former were politely notified to be ready
to leave whenever an opportunity offered. We are
pained to hear of the death by drowning of one of
the employees of the latter Company, at Jarvia
Island, the particulars of which we give in Capt.
Stone's own language.—P. C. Adv.

"

January 10, A. M., was boarded by Mr. Polls and came to the
buoy, there being the heaviest surf I hare ever seen at this islland. After remaining on board some four hours, waiting for

Mr. Potts, the agent, Mr. Selden Smith, the
former agent for the Company at this island, and myself, with a
native crew, left the brig to attempt to land through the surf,
which looked terrific.
Mr. Potts waited for whatbe thought was a good smooth time
and the word waa given, "pull away, pull away strong." The
We rejoice to learn from these addresses
boat had gonebut a few times her length, when the first roller
overtook us, but did no damage excepting to give the boat s>
and California newspapers, that the Dashsheer; the second came after us like a mighty avalanche. Mr.
Smithexclaimed, "Oh my God!" these were his last words;
away Associations of that State are still
Theroller caught and shot the boat forward with therapidity o.
lightning, and with the slight sheer It already had, In an Instant
holding on in their career of usefulness. The
all Its contents were burieddeep in the boiling, hissingsurf—the
boat went over me, and bruised me much in so doing i Mr.
perusal of these addresses, we think, will
Smith did not succeed in getting out from under the boat, and
probably waa stunned by a blow from It. When I first came to
have the effect upon ever)' sober and temthe top of the water I saw the natives going back to the brig,
There neeUeth not thehell that bigots frame,
and they saved Mr. Potts, who was a poor swimmer. Mr. Smith
perate man, to lead him to give thanks to
To punish thosewho err i earth In Itself
Contains at once the evil and the cure;
waa a good swimmer, as I am also ; seeing theboat a abort disGod that he has never been conquered by
tance from me, bottom up, in shore, and coming toward me with
And all suffering nature can chastise
the current setting seaward, I struck out for her and got on to
Those who transgress her law,—She only knows
that terrible tyrant,
Remarks Dr.
her bottom \ in themeantime theboat from the brig wasquick ly
How justly to proportion to the fault
but they could not reach me through the breakers,
launched,
Tho punlshmeat It merits."
Kowell:
but only those that had startedoutside for the brig. A boat was
Is
it
not
all
human
strange,
passing
comprebrought
also
soon
from the boat-house on the island tothe landThat gnawing want which a drunkard feels
ing, while I, during the time, had been swept by the heavy
for rum, as swim as he is sober, has never been hension, that it should be necessary to persuade rollers
from
the
boat
four times, and on to and agsinst the rngtold by mortal tongue, and never can be. It men not to drink such villainous compounds, ged coralreef three times, catlingand bruising me severely from
and
Daring
when
science
reveals
their
nature
head
foot.
this time, I bad been over and dodder the
to
clearly
cannot be illustrated by comparison, because
boat several times, and saw Mr. Smith under the boat, appathere is nothing that compares with it. It is their effects upon human health and human life." rently a corpse. At one time I waa kept buried so long beneath
one roller that I forgot all my troubles, and was but gasping in
stronger than any other power—more inexorable
when I was thrownupon the coralrocks, cutting my bead,
than any other tyrant. We must never forget The Ecclesiastical Council convened March death
which made me stupid and almost senseless, besides being too
Ewa,
at
ordaining
20th,
Oahu,
that
for
the
of
purpose
drunkard has suffered the greatest misfar gone to attempt to reach the shore, then some eight rods disquickly ssnt thenatives for me, and three bold
fortune that can happen to man—that is, he has Solomona as Pastor of the Ewa Church. In con- tant. Mr. Jonta
fellows seized hold of me and hastened Inland, and before they
had his moral resolution broken down. He has sequence of the heavy rains, only a part of the reached
the ■bore another roller orertook us that would, had it
been conquered—subjugated by the tyrant Appe- Council were present, hence it was adjourned to not been for their timely assistance, have swept me from the
reef into the channel and to sea a corpse. Thus miraculously
tite. To lift him up, arm him anew and enable
was my life spared,through the goodness of an Almighty God.
him to wage for himself a war of independence is meet on the 10thof this month. A full attendI was the only one thatreached the Island, Mr. Pottsand the
natives were taken on board the brig, wherethey remained until
a great undertaking. It requires all the kindness, ance is requested.
the next day, while poor Smith waa never seen after I saw bun
all the encouragement, all tho charity and love,
theboat in thesurf. lis was26 yearsofage, and belonged
Among our exchanges, we are always glad under
that the human heart is master of, and ho may
to New London, Conn. His loss wit) be mourned the roost by
a
thosewho knew him best. 1need not say that much credit and
not conquer the first battle, he may bo over- to receive the Hesperian, Monthly, published in many
thanks are doe to thenatives—also to Mr. Hague and Mr.
powered, he may fall. Then we must lift him San Francisco. It is edited by Mrs. F. H. Day, Joneson the Island, for thekind manner in which
I was nursed
and
cared
for by day and by night.
again
falls,
he
up. If
we must not
who is making every effort to place this periodical

"

the surf to abate,

:

AJcohol.

"

"

every

despair.''

Dr. Rowell employs the following language
respecting those who drug their liquors:

among the first class of Monthlies.

Information Wanted!
Respecting William Smith, a (aallor during test season on
Offerings.— Friend, for
board thebark Florence. Information msy be sent to hisMends
(5 in Brooklyn, New York, or to the Kdltor of the Friint.
I allude to thewillful drugging and poisoning gratuitous distribution of the Friend,
Respecting Mr. ckartu Button, belonging to Columbia
5 Tolland County,
of liquors by those who are engaged in tne traffic. From another Friend, for the Bethel,
Connecticut.
Respecting Joan Baker, who belongs to Buffalo, New Tort
I wish to be understood on this subject. I do not
He
toft
home
bat wm last beard from In ISM. Any
ISM,
in
stand here to denounce all vondors of ardent Bound Volumes will be found for sale at Dr. information will
be glally received by bis parents, or tbaEditor
spirits indiscriminately. There is many an hon- Hoffmann's and Mr. Walker's.
c* tit Friend.

"

Free-will

■

-

--

THE FRIEND, APRIL,

30

1861.

to second me in this work, I shall be prelike Joseph, was dressed in a coat of many disposition
to show how it can be eflectively carried out,
colors—lichens, gray, black and yellow, clad pared
a respectable public gallery formed upon the
The remark is often made that the Bible the rock ; the glossy ivy, like a child of am- and
eytitem thus initiated.
Nothing but the hope that
contains no systematic arrangement ot the bition, had planted its foot on the crag, and, ultimately my small beginning may lead to the great
consummation
which
all
had
climbed
who love art, fervently dedoctrines. The following apt and beautiful hanging on by a hundred arms,
sire, has sustained me through tlie labor and diffimosses,
of
hues
sursummit;
to
its
stormy
from
observations upon this subject we copy
culties attending what has already been done. In
colors of the loom, spread an conclusion, pray excuse this frequent
reference to
Dr. Guthrie's Gospel in Ezekiel. He is at passing all theround
the gushing fountain; myself; but in no other way can 1reply to the
elastic carpet
of
one
of
the
most
popular
preachers
present
the wild thyme lent a bed to the weary, and questions which many others besides yourself have
Scotland :
its perfume to the air; heaths opened their put to me. In all frankness believe me,
Faithfully yours,
scattered over an open field the blushing bosoms to the bee; the primrose,
James Jackson Jarvis."
" Having
observation,
of
the
human
an
anatolike
from
bones
body, bring
modesty shrinking
the labors of Mr. Jarves will
We
hope
mist to the scene. Conduct him to the val- looked out from its leafy shade ; at the foot
ley where Ezekiel stood, with his eye on of the weathered stone the fern raised its not prevent him from issuing a third imthe skulls and dismembered skeletons of an plumes, and on its summit the foxglove rang proved edition of his History of the Sandunburied host. Observe the man of science his beautiful bells; while the birch bent to wich Islands, which we have been informed
how he fits bone to bone and part to part, kiss the stream, as it ran away laughing to he has in preparation.
till from those scattered members he con- hide itself in the lake below, or stretched
structs a framework, which, apart from our out her arms to embrace the mountain" ash
Origin of Plants.
horror at the eyeless sockets and fleshless and evergreen pine. By a very slight exMadder came from the East.
form, appears perfectly, divinely beautiful. ercise of fancy, in such a scene one could
Celery originated in Germany.
In hands which have the patience to collect, see Nature engaged .in her adorations, and
and the skill to arrange these materials, how hear her singing, " The earth is full of the
The chestnut came from Italy.
The onion originated in Egypt.
perfectly ihey fit! bone to bone,and joint to glory of God." " How manifold are thy
Tobacco is a native of Virginia.
joint, till the whole figure rises to the pol- works, Lord God Almighty! in wisdom
The nettle is a native of Europe.
ished dome, and the dumb skeleton seems thou hast made them all."
to say,
am fearfully and wonderfully
The citron is a native of Greece.
I
The
made." "Now as with these parts of the hupine is a native of America.
James J. Jarves, Esq.
man frame, so is it with the doctrines of the
The poppy originated in the East.
Oats originated in North America.
Gospel, in so far as they are intelligible to
By late papers we learn that James Jackour understandings. Scattered over the son Jarves, Esq., (the original editor and
Rye came originally from Siberia.
Parsely was first known in Sardinia.
pages of sacred Scripture, let them also be proprietor of the Polynesian,) has returned
The pear and apple are from Europe.
collected and arranged in systematic order,
Spinach was first cultivated in Arabia.
and how beautifully they fit! doctrine to to the United States from Italy. He has
The sunflower was brought from Peru.
doctrine, duty to duty; till, all connected resided for several years in Florence, and
The mulberry tree originated in Persia.
with each other, all " members one of an- been employed in collecting specimens of
The gourd is probably an eastern plant.
other," they rise up into a form of perfect paintings by " the old masters," or painters
The walnut and peach came from Persia.
symmetry, and present that very system who flourished from the Xth to the XVlth
which, with minor differences but substanThe horse-chestnut is a native of Thibet.
The cucumber came from the East Indies.
tial unity, is embodied in the confessions, centuries. In the opinion of eminent arThe quince came from the island of Crete.
creeds, and catechisms of Evangelical Christ- tists, he has collected a very valuable and
The radish is a native of China and Japan.
endom. I have said, so far as they are in- choice gallery of paintings, which are now
telligible to us; for it is ever to be borne in on exhibition at the " Institute of Fine Arts," Peas are supposed to be of Egyptian origin.
The garden beans came from the E. Indies.
mind, that while the Gospel has shallows in New York City. In a communication
The guarded cress from Egypt and the East.
through which a child may wade and walk published in the Independent,
Mr. Jarves Horseradish came from thesouth of Europe.
on his way to heaven, it has deep, dark, unThe New Zealand flax shows its origin by
fathomed pools, which no eye can penetrate, states that the most valuable of his collecand where the first step takes a giant beyond tion "has been estimated in Europe at its name.
The cori.inder grows wild near the Medihis depth.
100,000 francs," or 20,000 dollars. He
• There is a difference, which even child- also intimates that he has now in prepara- terranean.
The dyer's weed is peculiar to Southern
hood may discern, between the manner in
the press, a new work entitled
which the doctrines and duties of the Gos- tion for
Germany.
The Jerusalem artichoke is a Brazilian
pel are set forth in the Word of God, and "Art Studies." In 1855, he published a
their more formal arrangement in our cate- work entitled " Art Hints," which evinced product.
Hemp is a native of Persia and the East
chisms and confessions. They are scattered decided talent and a cultivated taste in
here and there over the face of Scripture, the study of Architecture, Sculpture and Indies.
"
The cranberry is a native of Europe and
milch as the plants of nature are upon the Painting." Longer
experience, and riper America.
surface of the globe. There, for example,
we meet with nothing corresponding to the scholarship, will doubtless enable him to
The parsnip is supposed to be a native of
formal order, systematic classification, and bring out a work which will reflect the Arabia.
The potato is a well known native of Peru
rectangular beds of a botanical garden ; on highest honor upon both the author and
the contrary, the creations of the vegetable country. The following paragraphs con- and Mexico.
The current and gooseberry came from
kingdom lie mingled in what, although clude Mr. Jarves' communication to the
beautiful, seems to be wild confusion. With- Independent:
Southern Europe.
The schools specially represented in this collecKape seed and cabbage grow wild in
in the limits of the same moor or meadow
tion" are the Florentine, Sienese, and Uoibrione ; the Sicily and Naples.
the naturalist gathers grasses of many forms; Venetian
and Lombard only partially, while there
Buckwheat came originally from Siberia
he finds it enameled with flowers of every are a few examples of the Flemish, German, and
hue; and in those forests which have been Spanish.
and Tartary.
collection at my own
Barley was found in the mountains of
planted by the hand of God, and beneath I have thus far made this
and expense, hoping, as Americans become ac- Himalaya.
whose deep shades man still walks in rude risk
quainted with
project, which embraces an illusMillet was first known in India and Abysand savagp freedom, trees of every form and tration in the my
same manner of all the great schools
foliage stand side by side like brothers. down to our times, substituting; better specimens sinia.
With the Sabbath hills around us, far from for inferior, as they can be procured, and in every Writers of undeniable respectability state
way seeking to add to the value of the col- that the cereals and others of these edible
the dust and din, the splendor and squalor possible
that it might be made the basis of a public
productions grow spontaneously in that porof the city, we have sat on a rocky bank, to lection,
gallery in one of our obief cities. At present it is
rich
at
varied
and
with
profusion
wonder the
exhibited simply to test its appreciation, and to ob- tion of Tartary east of the Belar Tagh and
which God had clothed the scene. Nature, tain means for its increase Should there be any north of the Himalaya mountains.

The Doctrines of the Bible.

31

THE FRIEND, APRIL, 1861.
ADVERTISEMENTS.

APVERTIS-IV-B-JTS.

ADVERTISEIVIEN-TS.

A.. P. EVERETT,

NOW IS THE TIME—SOON TO LEAVE

SAILOR'S HOfl ■•:.

rriOWEEri.
Orliu, U. I.

A.TJC
63-tf

Honolulu,

HOWLAND'S

J. F. COLBIIRN,

3____,
Kaahumanu street, Honolulu, Oaliu.
HAWAIIAN FLOUR COMPAKV,
100-tf
A P. EVERETT, Treasurerand Agent.

63-tf

H. STANGENWALD, M. D.,

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,

Ambrotrpe Gallery!
of
UNDERSIGNED would call the
of his friends and the Public
his Booms, over the
IvlIK
Pacific Commercial Advertiser," Printing OHlce, (nex* * the
attmtioii

to

"Post Office) where he is taking Pictures which, for elegance of

style and softness oftone, cannot be excelled.
XT Picture, taken on Glass. Paper, Patent Leather, India

__■■_£
i—Bw^-—
T___ ___N_n_______r~

M_ fIU

Rubber, _c, and warranted to give entire satisfaction.
Late New York City Dispensary Physician, member ot the
_• As the undersiKned intends leaving this Kingdom, about
Medico Chlrurgical College and of the Pathological Society the first ol May, next, persons desiring GOOD PICTURES,
of Mew York.
should make an early call.
Offlcat Dr. Judd's Drug Store, on Fort Street. Residence In HB-tr
~W, P. HOTTXANP, Artist.
Nuuaou Valley, opposite that ofB. O. Hall, Esq. 226-ly

CIIAS. F. UUILLOU, M. D

,

_____

open from 9

A..

to 4

S. P. FORD, M. l> ,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Office Kaahumanu street, near Queen.

~~DR.

DONLEN BEOS TO INFORM THE
of these Islands, that he la now prepar d
MR.Inhabitants
as

to

execute all orders In his line, such

MONUMENTS,
TOMBS, or HEAD STONES,
fTASHSTANDS,
COUNTER TOPS, i,r...
In a first-rate style, and on the moatreasonable terms. Orders
from the other Islands faithfully attended to.
2-tf

BOOKS AND INSTRUMENTSFOR THE
MARINER.-

AT

D. N. FLITNER'S Watch and Jewelry
Establishment, in Kaahumanu street, will be
OFFICE, "CORNER OF FORT AND HOTEL STREETS, found the following works :
Almanacks for 1860.
HONOLULU, H. I.
Merchant's, Shipmaster'sand Mechanic's Assistant.
Laws of the Sea.
E. HOFFMANN,
The Art of Sailmaking.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
—ALSO—
Office in the New Drug Store, corner of KaahuShip's Compasses and Dividers.
—ALSO—
manu and Queen streets, Makee & Anthon's Block.
Mast-head Glasses and Marine Telescopes.
Open day and night

_

J. MOTT SMITH,
DENTIST.

—
—

—ALSO

C. H. WETMORE,

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
HILO, HAWAII, S. L

Chronometers and Chronometer Watches.
—also

English Charts of North and South Pacific.
—ALSO—

—

A great variety of other articles useful to the
AND—
Mariner.
saiwia,
3d.
cut.
niuii raca.
Many ornamental articles, including Breast Pins,
C. BREWER & CO.,
Rings, Cups, &c, &c.
Commission and Shipping Merchants, Honolulu, Oahu, H. I,
Particular attention given to repairing and rating
REFER TO
N. B.

Medicine Chests carefully replenished.

.

_ __

JlsnllcjmwiLL, Esq., (
Cbarlbs Brkwkr, Esq., 5

Mas3RS.Mcllt:i!a&M«R«iLL, t
Cms. Woloott Brooks, Esq., >
Misaas. Wm. Postio Co.,
Massas. Paat-R, HiBBKLL* Co.,

Ship

-

*

ISS-tf

11. W.

Boston.
gan Frsnelaeo.
Hongkong.

Manila.

SEVERANCE,

Chandler and Commission Merchant, Honolulu, 8.1

...

REFERS TO

Captain B. F. Blow,
Messrs. D. C. Witim_.ii It Co.,
Williams k Hives,

__

-

-

Honolnla.

"

New London.
San Francisco
New Bedford
Boston.

Mcßcua MtaaiLL,
Bwift Allim,
Haaar A. Purck,
•
H. W. SEVERANCE will continue the Ship Chandlery and
Commission Business at the Old Stand. Every description of
Ship Chandlery and Merchandiserequired by Shipping, will be
kept on hand and tor sale at low rates.
149-tl

-

ALLEWk BERRILL,
sccc—uoaa

to

George W. Macy,
KAWAIHAE. HAWAII,

Will continue the General Merchandise and Shipping bnaineaa
at the above port, where they are prepared to furnish the
Justly celebrated Kawaihae Potatoes, and such other recruits aa are required by whale ships at the shortest notice,
and on the most reasonable terms.
_16-6m

HARDWARE STORE.
ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING, ON PORT STREET,
T OCRS of all kinds, Hinges, Sere— Tacks, RaI j won. Cut and Wrought Nails, Spikes, Brads,
Files, Carpenters' Tools of all kinds, Pocket and

iHI imfl_-»___j

JAMES T. DONLEN,

Late Sunteon United States Navy, late Consular Physician to
XT X_ __.__! XVOI_I_:_3I- !
American seamen and funeral practitioner.
FROM SAN FRANCISCO,
Office, corner Kaahumanu and Merchant streets, and residence
at Dr. Wood's Man3ion, Hotel street.
Medical and Surgical advice In English, French, Spanish, and KING ST., OPPOSITE THE BETHEL,
Italian.
HONOLULU.
Office hours from 11 a.a. to2 r. a.-, at other hours inquire at
1-tf
hisresidence.

G. P. JUDD, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
HONOLULU, OAHU. S. L
Office, oorner of Fort and Merchant streets. Office

—_.

Chronomertes.

SAM'L H. CASTLE.
AMOS 8. 008_.
CASTLE & COOKE,
IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
DEALERS 111

GENERAL

MERCHANDISE

At the oldstand, corner of King and School streets,
near the large Stone Church, Also, at the Store

formerly occupied by C. H. Nicholson, inKing street,
opposite the Seamen's Chapel.
•_*" Agents for Jayne's Medicines.

SAILORS' HOME, HUILT AND
owned by the " Honolulu Bailors' Home
Society," has recently been placed under tbe management of the undersigned. They hope, by strict
attention and fidelity, to merit the patronage of the
seafaring community. Tbe House has I een built and
fitted up in a style to suit the wants of Officers, and
Seamen who are spending a few weeks on shore, or
wish to remain for a single night, or a single meal.
Shower Baths on the Premises.
Ship Masters and Agents, while putting their vessels under repairs, are respectfully invited to send
their crews to the Home, where every attention will
be paid to their comfort
$6
Officers' table, with lodging, per week
do.
6
Seamens' do. do.
do.
CAPTAIN AND MRS. OAT,
Managers.
Honolulu, March 1, 1861.

THE

B. 0.

-'It ICI
atna.

I IC

__

i.a. iiirrill.

MERRILL,

Commission Merchants
AND

AUCTIONEERS,
AGENTS OF THE
*
Regular Dispatch Line of II ossalnl a Packets.
(_■ All freight arriving in transitu for the Sandwich Islands,
be received andforwarded by the Regular Dispatch Line'
PRBI Or COMMISSION.

"

will

Particularattention paid to forwarding and transhipment ot
merchandise,sale of whalemen's bills, and other excbaage, insurance of merchandise and specie under open policies, suppy
ing whaleships,chartering ships,etc.

43 aw- 4ft Callfwr-I-.

street,

airia tot

Captain B. F. Baow,

.

Messrs. C. Baawsa 4- Co.,
A. P. Kvrrrtt, Esq.,
B. PrrauM, Bat)..
120 tf

)

}

Honolulu.

)

Hllo.

READING ROOM, LIBRARY AND DEPOSITORY.
AND OTHERS, WISHING

SEAMEN

to obtain books from the Sailors' Home Library,
will please apply to tbe Bethel Sexton, who will have
charge of the Depository and Reading Room until
further notice. Per order.

French, Portuguese, German, Welsh, Swedare offered
for sale, at cost prices, by the Hawaiian Bible and
Tract Societies, b-at furnished

NAVIGATION TAUGHT.
in all its branches, taught by the
Subscriber. The writer likewise begs to intimate that he will give instruction to a limited
number ofpupils in English reading and grammar,
geography, writing, arithmatic, _c. Residence, cottage in Kukui street.
DANIEL SMITH.
Honolulu. March 26,1867.

oalling at the Depository, from 12 to 8 o'olock P. M.
8. C. DAMON, Seamen's Chaplain.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, SEAMEN, MARINE AND
GENERAL INTELLIGENCE,
PUBLISHED AND EDITED BY

BIBLE, BOOK and TRACTDEPOSITORY,
SAILOR'S HOME, HONOLULU.
-QIBLES, BOOKS AND TRACTS, in the English,

j)

ish and Spanish languages. These books

GRATUITOUSLY TO SEAMEN.
Also, Offioe of The Friend, bound volumes ansa— Subscriptions received.
N. R—Seamen belonging to vessels lying "off
and on," will be supplied with books and papers, by

J. WORTH,
established himself in business at Hilo,
Hawaii, is prepared to furnish ships with
Sheath-Rnivee, Marlinspikes, Caulking-Irons and
Mallets, and numerous other articles, for sale at the
dts, on favorable tern- for Cash, Goods or Bills
W. N. LADD
(tf)
owest prices, by
onthe United States

SAVING

NAVIGATION,

THE FRIEND:
SAMUEL C. DAMON.

One copy, per

Twooopiet,

Fr-oopiea.

TERMS:

- - -- -

annum,

"

r

f-00

100
6.00

32

THE FRIEND, APRIL, 1861.
Harry's Epistle to Willie.

So many havereferred to the notice of Minnie's
Pigeons, published in our last number, that we
venture to insert, for the perusal of our youthful readers, tho following epistle. There arc so
many Willies on the islands, who have friend
Harrys abroad, that its publication may not bo
out of place.
flow do you do, dear Wmie f
And how are you getting along r
I am going to write you a letter.
And all in tbe shape ofa toug ■
I want very much to see you.
And play wiUi you out in the yard—
They took me away from you. Willie.
And 1 thought it was very hard.
They carried me offon the water.

Where I saw no grass or tree*—
At first I did not like it,
And did nothing else but tease.

I teased for papaand you. Willie,
Teased to be on theland,
At home where I wouldn't be sca-slck.
And where I could walkand stand.
1waa afraid of tumbling over,
For the ship rolled all about,
And I kept my berth for a week or more
Before I dared to go out.
But after a little while, Willie,
I didn't mindIt at all;
I liked to watch the sailors.
And I learned to pull and haul.
Welived on board so many months.
That I got to feel at home,
But I always remembered you, Willie.
And cried for yon to come.
At last we reached Aunt Sarah's,
And here I like to stay,
And If my mother woaldlive here.
Care not to go awsy.
But I shall never forget you. Willie.
Be sure I love youstill;
Sometimes) I ask to goback there,
Tis just as I happen to feel.

,

I enjoy the winter weather.
The pretty snow and ice,
I love to go a-sliding,
Oh, Willie, 'tis an nice.

.

Tour Cousin Eddie can tell yon
About the skates and sleds.
And how the boys go coasting
And fall and break their heads
And how they jump up crying.
And then go at It again.
Until they get as hardy
And brave as little men.

I have two little playmates.
Who both have got your name.
It seems so very funny
Tocall you all the lame.
Willie Boss and WillieRick/ r
Are my companions here—
At the islands, Willie Damon.
I thinkits very queer.

I thought of yon on Christmas,
And wondered what you had,
When you wentto get your stocking.
What you ftmnd to make you glad
I had a box of ten-pins,
A little coffee pot,
A paper roll of candles.
And other things I got.
gome darling little sleigh-bells.
Sewed on to pretty reins,—
My dear Aunt Kmmieknit them,—
Bow kind to take such pain* |
But I must end my story.
Or else twill be so long
That you will be disgusted
letters strung in song

LWith

Mow you must write me, Willie.
And UU me how you So,

And tell me all about those boots,
And all your playthings, too.

IT Ship Reindeer, Raynor, reports.—Left New Bedford
Oct. 2,1860. Nor. S, spoke a Batavian brig, but could not
learn her name ; 16th, spoke an American brig in Let. 7 41
8., Long. 36 o At w., bound to Monte Video; _)th, experienced a heavy gale In lat. 24° IS 3., long. 61° 41 W.; „ih
had another gale, which lasted about 20 hours,—sustained
no damage. Dec. », a seaman named Wm. Abels, while furling
main-top-gallant sail, fell from the yard on to the deck and
was killed on tne spot. Spoke wh. ship Hiawatha, bound
home with 1300 bbls sp. oil, 60 months out. T>cc. 14, saw a
large merchant ship, but could not tell what flag she sailed under; 18th. spoke the merchant ship Sylvia, bound to Honolulu ; 30th, experienced another heavy galo, but received no
damage; 23d,saw an Knglish ship steering N. and E.;
had
another gale, but got clear of any damage 24th, saw 26th.
a clipper
merchantbark, hut could not And out her name or nation
31st, hove to an the whaling ground and set awratch for whales!
.lan. Ist. sighted the coast of Chile j 4th,lowered four boats,
and succeeded In taking one right whale; next day took
another, and on the 7th, took two more. Next spoke wh. ship
Kensington, with 0 whales (4 on the coast of Chile and 6 on
New Zt-alandV, 20th. saw and spoke the Daniel Wood, who
hailed 400 bbls all told, including 66 bbls sperm, hound to'coast
of Chile ; 16th, saw a merchant ship ateeriug north ; 29th, saw
■perm whales, lowered four boats, struck two, and captured
one, in lat 41 ° 30 S., long. 74 «28 W. Feb. OJsaw a German
ship in the harbor of Juan Fernandez, which was a total
wreck—the crew were still on tbeisland. Shu was loaded with
salt petre; 11th, passed Am. merchant bark Sarah, steering
W.; 23d, took another sperm whale. Touched at Mocha, coast
of Chile, and at Juan Fernandez, on the passage out.
_T Bark fetper, Bailey, reports—Left Ayan Oct. 10; had
very rugged weather on the way to Ilakodadl—tried to go in
there, but did not succeed, owing to head winds put away fur
Can Francisco, where we arrived on the 21st of Feb., having
ex
perienced heavy winds from the southward. A seaman named
Richard Savidge died on the postage between Japan and California also lost Jib-boom and fore topgallant mint, the ship
having been taken aback during a squall. Sprung a leak while
at S.W. Bay, and has been leaking ever since, sometimes increasing to 900 strokes per hour in rough weather, and whin
calm, ooly from 200 to 300 strokes. Shipped 700 barrels oil on
board the Robin Hood, In Margarita Bay, which vessel was
hound home. Bpoke whale bark Braganzn on the 17th instant,
bound to Hilo, and reports having taken no oil this seaaon.
Experienced light winds during
the passage to Honolulu.

°

*'«*»J.. R»t« tny love to mother,
Kemei_lter father, too
Do n«t forget each brother,
Besides a heap to you.

-»

If I gohack to see you, Willie,
i'oine present I -hjill carry,
>n keep your mind on that, Willie,
Ami do not grieve for

Harry.

MARINE JOURNAL
PORT OP HONOLULU, 3. I.
AHRIVAI.S.
March 7—Am clipper tUp Moonlight, Breck, 15 day* from Han
Francisco, with Y. _. mall. Took two Chinese
passengers and MG bales fungus from thin place,
and tailed attain tame dny for China.
7—Am wh bark Cleone, Simmond, from Turtle Bay, with
176 brls wh oil this season.
17—Am bark 'ion, Fletcher, 16 daya from San Fraucfsco.
Passengers— Mr W Crooke.
12—Am brig't Josephine, Btono, from Jarvis, Phoenix,
Baker's, McKeau'sand Howland Ulan*!*.
19—Am wh ship Reindeer, Raynor, 6 months from New
Bedford, with 100 sp, 400 wh.
20—9 P.M.—Am bark Comet, Smith, 14 days from San
Francisco.
20—Am wh ship Vesper, Bailey, from Margarita Bay,
with 130 brls thisseason. (Shipped 700 barrets at

_

MargaritaBay.)

;

*

;

;

22—Am wh ship Milton, Ilalsey, fin Lahainaand home,
clean.
23—Am wh ship Josephine, Chapman, fm Hilo, 500 brls.
24—Am wh sh Onward, Allen,fm Lahaina and California
coast, 1000 brls.—(shipped her oil at Margarita
Bay.)
PORT OP LAHAINA.
25—Am wh ship Oliver Crocker, Cochran, fm California
coast via Lahaina, 600 brls.
26—Am wh bark Bragania, Turner, from Hilo, clean.
ARRIVALS.
27—Am wh bark Alice, Beebe, from MargaritaBay, 240
March 11—Am wh ship Milton, Halsey, of N. B., 6 months out,
barrels.
last from theWestern Isles, dean.
27—Am wh bark Monmouth, Onnsby, from Margarita
21—Am wh ship Onward, Allen, from California coast,
Bay, 260 brls.
1000
wh, season ; 4700 wh, 36,000 lx>ne, voyage ;
At Hilo, are reported i
300 wh, on board.
March 19—Am wh ship Thomas Dickason, Stewart, 5 months
22—Am wh ship Robert Edwards, Wood,from California
from New Bedford, 40 brls spermcoast, 170 wh, season ; 126 sp, 800 ah, MOO boor,
21—Am wh ship California, West, from coast of Califorvoyage ; 860 wh, on hoard.
nia, 100 brls.
27—Am wh bark John P. West. Tinker, from Cape St.
I.ucas, 160 wh, season i 70 ap, 1930 wb, 18.000 hn.
voyage ; 1000 wh, on board.
DEPARTURES.
Feb. 28—t". S. S. sloop Wyomin?, Mitchell, for San Francisco.
28—Am Mias. packetMorning Star, Gelett, for tht Marquesas Mission Stations.
28—Haw. ach Lihollho, Bush, for Phccnix Island.
March 14—Am bark Yankee, Commodore Paty, for San Francisco.
20—Am wh ship Congress 2d, Stranbnrg, for ochot*_.
21—Haw wh brig Victoria, Dauelsberg, forOchotsk.
26—Am wh ship Cleone, Simmons, for the Arctic.
2*3—Am wh ship Milton, Halsey, for the Ochotsk.
27—Am wh ship Onward, Allen, for theOchotsk.

DEPARTURES.
March 23—Am wh ship Milton, Halsey, for Ochotsk.
23—Am wh ship Onward, Allen, for Ochotsk.
23— Am wh ship Oliver Crocker, Cochran,, touched here
forletters, bound to Honolulu.

PASSENGERS.

For PHOsNix Island—per Liholiho, Feb 28—A M Qoddard,
\V II Hardwick, Allen Comstock, and 9 nstlvos.
For MißQi'ssAs—per Morning Star, Feb 28—Rer Dr Gullck.
MEMORANDA.
MrKapuhaand wife.
From Sax Francisco—per Moonlight, March 7—Mr J OrisB7 Ship Onward, Allen, from Cape St. Lucas, with 1000 wold.
brli wh oil this season,reports tb« following vessel* up to the
From the Guano Islands—per Josephine, March 13—f L
20th of February
Bbls.
i
Jones, G Drew, Alonso Worden, Mr Leamau, and 26 natives.
Harmony, Kelly,
For San Framciboo—per Yankee, March 15—Mr and Mrs
000
Comet, Williams,
400
Yates and 2 children, Randall Smith, Mr Sanderson, J8 Daniels,
700
Mrs Scbenck, Mrs Gardner, A S Grinbaum, J Hardlsty, John
Matsasoit, Perclral
Sen. Maria, Molteno
RAO
F Pope, wife and 8 children, Chas Derby, Emma Hoyer, 8 Miller, J H Pitman, Jas C Wilson, Mr Matthews, C A Fenton, J
General Scott, Hunting,
280
Qeorge Uowland, Pomeroy,
Atberton, 1 chinaman, and five American Seamen.
250
Robin Hood, McQlnley, Goading oil on freight,)
100
From San Francisco—per Comet, March 21—J C King
Chandler Price, Holcomb
276
T Hunter, A McPheraon, Johh Gatly.
Phoenix, Hempstead
200
Philip 1st, Hempstead,
130
Mllo, Fordham,
280
MARRIED.
General Williams, Fish,
400
J. P. West, Tinker
((whales).. 160
000
L. C. Richmond, Hathaway
Stom—Wood—In this city, March 13, at Fort Street Church,
Gultav, Gillea, (French)
160
by Rev. Kll Corwln, Capt. Samuel D. Stone,of the brig Jottph
John Howland, Whelden,
1800
inr, to Miss Kllen L. Wood, of Watertown, Mass.
Sarah Warren,
600
Pomikot—Botlkr—In Honolulu, March 7, by Rev. 8. C.
260
Cambria, Pease,
Damon, Mr. John Potneroy, ofKauai, to Miss Lucinda Butler,
Cynthia, Whitney,
660
of Honolulu.
300
Sharon,Swift,
TESSILS SFC-SN AMD HEARD I_OM.

31—Ship Fabius, Smith,
10 whales.
Bark Coral, Slsson,
1 «
Levi Btarbook, Jernegan,
4
"
Bark Isabella, Tucker,
S
2
Ship Europa, Mantcr,
Ship Jeannctte, WInslow,
S
12
Bark Ontario, Foster,
10—Ship Emerald Pierce, at St. Qulnten,.. S
"
S
Uark Pacific, Howland
"
28—Monteauma, Homan, at Ceros Island,. 13
"
13 "
Ship-lectra, Brown,.
5
Ship New EagUnd, Hempstead

"
""
"

„S_?2k::::::::::::::::::::.

-

"

DIED.
Smith—At JarvisIsland, Jan. 10, by the capsizing of a boat
In the surf, Selden Smith, aged 20 years, of NewLondon, Conn.
Kaiaasunii—At Walplo. Hawaii, on the 6th March, 1861,
Kaehamahlsl, aged 28 yean,wife of I). W. Stiles, Eat)., of Kswalhae,UawalI.
Gold—On board whaleshlp Onward, Feb. 10, of dropsy, Mr.
JohnGold, of Salem, Mass. He was cooperof the ship. He
leaves a wife and children to mourn his loss. (Reported by
Capt Allen. |
BassiLL—In Honolulu, Monday, March 25th, John Henry,
aged <t years, son of Capt. Berrill.