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FRIEND
THE

HONOLULU, JANUARY I, 1882.

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Postal System goes into operation to-day.
We trust thnt hereafter we are not to be

1882.

CONTEXTS
For jMHUHry 1, 1882.

1■i ■.i

New Yeir, 1881
Rambled In the old world, No 60
Marine Joarntl
Postal Notice
Editor'e Table
Christmas Tree

9
9—ll
13
13
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14
14
1«
10

Salloj'e Home

y. M. C. A
Week of Prayer

THE NEW YEAR 1882.
With the new year we commence another
volume of The Friend—39th old series and
31th, new series. To all who have aided in
its support we return our sincere thanks
and present our congratulations

on

happy commencement of a new year.

the

We shall continue its gratuitous circulation, as in former years, and hope to receive
donations for that purpose. During the
past year our gratuity in this line of
benevolence, has been over $200, but contributions for this purpose would not exceed
•50. Will not some one come to our aid, as
in the days, when whaling Captains and
others contributed so generously to aid in
the publication of The Friend?

"

"

Persons preserving files of The
Friend for binding will be supplied with
back volumes and title pages, by application to the editor.

Complete files of The Friend for

thirty years, or thirty volumes, unboundfor

$30.

Anyone wishing for those years, containing
"Rambles in the Old World,
including sixty letters, from February, 1877,
to January, 1882, will be supplied tor *5 00

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fat rive years, with title page, unbound.
The last letter will appear in February, our
next,

WStrits.ftrl.afl.

InternationalPostal System.—The new RAMBLES IN THE OLDWORLD-No. 60.

THE FRIEND,
JANUARY 1.

9

number.

S. C. Gale, Esq., a prominent and enterprising
citizen of Minneapolis, Minnesota, arrived per Zealandia on a visit to the Islands.
Mrs. Gale, who accompanies her husband, is the
sister of Rev. Dr. Damon. Mr. and Mrs. Gale
are the guests of our highly esteemed Chaplain
ofthe Bethel.—Saturday Prut, Dec. 11, 1881.

The work among the Chinese here
and in China, having become so intimate, we
shall be glad to receive any communications
relating thereto, by Missionaries in China,
under whose notice this No. of our paper
and the supplement may fall.

EASTWARD AND HOMEWARD, NO.

9.

subjected to the annoyance of seeing so
A GLANCE AT CHINA AND THE CHINESE.
many of our letters come, and marked "short
paid." We feel under very great obligations
" We are ancients of the Earth."IVnnyton.
to Mr Dougherty, in the San Francisco Post
Office, for his great kindness in forwarding
The day was breaking as we first sighted
"short paid" letters. See rates in another
the
rugged coast of southern China. In the
column.
radiant East, clouds were glorified by the
Employment Wanted.—Among the Chinese light and warmth of the coming of the sun.
The vast and gloomy shadows of the night
arriving here there are some above the
and then faded away before
" grade. We have now lying before wavered, parted
"us,coolie
the certificate of Mr. Sin You, signed by the advent of a superior sway. It was a
and representation, in
the Rev. Ernest Faber of the Rhenish Mis- prophetic suggestion
sion. This man was a'• Military Mandarin the natural world, to the inner vision of faith,
of that supreme victory which the glorious
with the white button rank," Premier LieuSun of Righteousness." is
to realize in
tenant, and acted many years as the Admi- '•this mighty Empire, which isyet
just now loomral's Adjutant. He is willing to perform any
ing before us, as some new found world,
kind ofhonest work, and is skillful in preupon the bosom of the sea- God grant that
of
natural
and
also
of
serving objects
history
the time may speedily come when the twigardening. He is accompanied by his fam- light
and the night now brooding here shall
ly of four children. We have seen a specito the clear shining of the perfect
give
place
of
his
and
mounting
men
skill in preserving
!
day
birds for a Museum. We would be glad to
It was with more than usual interest that
see him employed in fitting up a Museum of
watched
the signs of the approaching land.
1
Natural History of Island birds. Any addiborn in the midst of the ocean which
tional information may be obtained by apply- Though
bents upon its long line of shore, though its
ing to the Editor.
people had become as it were, a part of the
of the land of my birth, still Chi"Yale College Runs the Government." population
na itself, was to me largely an " unknown
At a late dinner party in Honolulu, this country," and had all the strange subtle fasremark was made, and an Amherst graduate, cination, which anything of vast proportions
starting up with the instant reply, How is but uncertain, mysterious outlineis adapted to
' and exert upon the imagination. It was still to me
that?" "Why don't you see Judd
McCully are on the Supreme Bench ; Bald- the far Cathay," the home of countless milwin is Superintendent of Schools; Arm- lions," a strange, isolated, lonely corner ofthe
strong, is Attorney General and Minister of great earth, preserving in its quaint, peculiar
the inierior, Alexander at the head of the dress a civilization
already »ged at the birth of
survey, and Bingham is Superintendent of all modern history. And then too, though a
Micronesians. " All we have to say is lind of the past, it is preeminently an empire
merely this, if there is ever a mistake in of the future, whose extent and power may
the Governmental affairs of this little King- yet be the marvel of those who shall come
dom, the only proper method will to report after us. Added to all this interest of a
these Alumni of " Vale " to President Por- merely temporal nature, are the vast possiter and we shall trust to his good sense to bilties, aye, certainties of conquest and triapply the necessary remedy.
umph, which are yet awaiting here the
P. S. Since writing the above we learn religion of our Divine Redeemer. Such a
that the very last steamer brought two addi- perspective irradiated by the light of the uptional Vale Graduates, S. C. Gale Esq, lifted cross, is enough to arouse the deepest
from Minneopolis and W. Foster Esq , from emotion of the Chrstian believer.
San Francisco, both lawyers.
What, does
Swiftly did our steamer cut its way
this indicate ? Has •' Vale " any secret de- through the restless waters towards the hasigns on the Islands ef the Pacific ?
ven which was awaiting us. On either side

10

THE

were rugged and weather-beaten islands,
which seemed like ancient guardians of the
coast, who had through countless centuries
stood true to their trust, in the midst of wild
storms and tempests, and now. though compelled to let us pass', scowled gloomily at
us over the sea, as if unwilling to acknowledge the '• rights " which the Foreign Powers had gained for us years ago, at the mouth
of the cannon. Here and there on the grey
misty waters uncouth and awkward Chinese
rose and sank with the swell. The
iug* square siils, the high and gaily painted sterns, the ancient air about them recalled pictures of mediaeval ships as we sec
them in the antique vellum cuts of huge folios of early travel. It was almost as if some
stray galleys from an ancient Spanish squadron were waiting to offer us news of a great
discovery. How wonderfully these trained
and practised sailors manage their ungainly
craft! The fleet treacherous wind sweeps
down in wild gusts, fills the great yellow
sails well nigh to bursting, and you almost
close youreyes, thinking the swift prow of
your steamer will cut relentlessly through
these seemingly unwieldy arks thus thrown
across its track. But these queer men of
the sea have them in their control, and guide
these dragon-sails in safety over the waters
which are their home. As you have watched them in wonder, the dim land has grown
into lofty mount tins, rising in bold and precipitous outline from the sea. The shores
are here and there dotted with dwellings and
now rounding one more point, and passing
through a narrow entrance where the neighbouring islands approach nearly to each other, you find yourself facing one of the most
beautiful cities in the world. It seems like
the work of some great magician; only yesterday the wide, wide sea and the immeasurable arch of the sky, and now this rare and
exquisite picture, with a thousand attractive
details of form and color disclosed suddenly
to the delighted and astonished gaze.
Hong Kong, or as it is officially styled
Victoria, is situated on a large island, near
the mouth ofthe Pearl river; about ninety
miles from the great city of Canton. It was
ceded to the English by the Chinese, by the
treaties of 1841 and 1842. It is a place of
great commercial importance and its harbor
is crowded with vessels of all nationalities.
As we entered the harbor our steamer was
surrounded by scores of Chinese boats called
Sampans, filled with noisy Chinese, male
and female, who were anxious to obtain passengers for the shore. We had brought up
with us from Singapore hundreds of coolies,
who were returning heme, and it reqired a
regular fleet of boats to get them on land.
At last, after much shouting and screaming
from boat-men and boat-women, I was quietly seated in my Sampan, the queerest,
quaintest boat imaginable and was soon
at my hotel, which was situated near the
water. It was in no thoughtless way that I
spoke of Hong Kong as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was indeed a
revelation of beauty for which I was scarcely prepared. The city is built for several
miles along tbe shore, and runs back on to
the tide of the mountain which looms abruptly above the harbor. The precipitous
character of the coast at this point renders
this necessary, and though in point of fact,

i'unks

FRIEND,

JANUARY,

1882.

this situtiaon must have its inconveniences the native quarter of the city. They an
still the gain in beauty and picturesqueness most enterprising and industrious
and are
is immense.
Rather than a busy city, this advancing rapidly in commercial undertakthe
be
water, to
seems from
a wonderful ings. The queer jargon called '• Pigeon
hinging garden lifted high into the air, as (business) English" is heard here in Hong
those of which we read as the glory of an- Kong in all its absurdly amusing details.
cient Babylon. Spacious and magnificent The streets ofthe native quarter are broader
mansions rise from the midst of terraces of and better kept than in Canton, though great
luxuriant and semi-tropical foliage. It is improvement might be made here.
wonderful how they cling to the steep sides
There are various missionary societies at
of the mountain. Above the city rises the work here, the Basle Mission, the London
feel or so, from which a Missionary Society, the Rhenish Mission
" Peak," a thousand
magnificent view is obtained. Hong Kong, and others. Among the very pleasant incilike most British settlements in the East, de- dents in my all too brief visit in China, was
serves all praise for its neatness and order. the opportunity which Ihnd here of
meeting
The streets are a marvel of cleanliness. Ow- with members of the two German Societies,
ing to the peculiar situation of the city the above mentioned, to whose faithful and zealwork of horses nnd beasts of burden is large- ous labors among the Chinese, we on these
ly done by coolie-carriers, who nre to be islands owe such a very large debt of gratifound in great numbers. The favorite meth- tude.
It was worth coming to China, to
* veteran
od of conveyance is the 'chair," suspended on see that
Missionary. Mr. Lechler,
long poles which are borne on the shoulders whose name is now so pleasantly familiar to
of chinamen. The way in which they scale many of us. For many long years he has
the steep lanes and roads leading up the hill- labored here, mainly nmong the Hakkas,
side is truly surprising. Along the shore the same people who form the majority
of"
are situated the great business houses or the Chinese laboring class in the Hawaiian
Hongs, which ore largely in the hands ofthe Islands. In the early yeais of his efforts
English and where some of the most impor- here he made his way into the interior, often
tant commercial transactions of the world exposed to danger from persecution. For a
are carried on. The residences of the weal- long time he wore the Chinese costume, in
thy merchants and other foreign settlers are order to win his way as much as possible
situated on the slopes btck of the city, some among the people. His home is
in Hong
of them, ss we have said above, are of a pala- Kong, and here, from both himself and his
tial choracter. The Government House is
"Amongst the Missionaries who arrived in Chlus in
one of the most prominent edifices, situated 1847
were the first two brethren of tlie Basle Missionary
Society,
Uamberg and Lechler ; and the first Missionary
of
the
midst
an
extensive
park-like
garden
in
of the Presbyterian Church in England, the llev. William
and is the home of the Governor of the colo- Burns. Each of these brethren strenuously endeavored
get Into the interior away from the vicinity of the Treany. The gaze is a rrrested too by the Eng- to
ty jiorts, that they might evangelize the people. Tor this
lish Cathedral, and other public buildings. It purpose they all assumed
the Chinesedress and the two
haired ones dyed theirhair to therequisite color
of
is a city which furnishes endless delight to light
the Chinese In orderto secure greater freedom in their
the new comer. There is something pecu- work. Now what was the experience of these three men■
three of the most devoted labourers who ever entered'
liarly pleasant in the way in which city and Chins!
Right opposite Hong-Kong lies the grest prov.
luce
of Kwautung or Canton. The Eastern region of this
seem
to
unite.
From
the
here
busy
country
province is occupied by a people called Hoklos from
streets, lead off cool, delightful lanes peculiar dialect. The Western part is occupied by atheir
peoof an entirely different dislect. the dialect spoken
bordered with private girdens. or shady ple
the people of Canton City. The middle ofthep rovluceby
Is
by the Uakkas who reach up through the
walks where luxuriant growths of ferns and occupied
of the province. Mr. Ilamberg crossed over Into thecenter
Haktropical plants lead you to feel thnt you are ka country. His experience was rather peculiar. He was
persecutedby theauthorities; there was no
in the heart of some southern forest. One of not
for
it. The country was a peculiarly lawless oneneed
at that
the especial ornaments of the city is the pub- time; and bands of robbers were continually
prowling
to seek from such unprotected people as they met
lic garden, kept in the most perfect order nnd about
the means of their livelihood, or to carry them off as prls.'
oners
in
with
taste.
Here
the
the hope of getting a ransom. Mr. Uamberg was
very great
arranged
compelled to retire to Hong.Kong.
There he founded a
bind plays at times to the delight of the cit- flourishing llakka
Mssslon. In 1853 he thought he had
a more favo.able locality in the interior about
izens and strangers. Not less beautitul are secured
fifteen hours distant from the coast, opposite llong-Kong
the cemeteries, situated in a picturesque There he attemptel to settle down with
his wife but he
had
again to retire. So frequent were the attempts made
portion of the island, called the " Happy Val- for the
purpose of carrying off Mr. and Mrs. Hamberg that
preyed upon his health, and It gave way. They had
ley" where a variety of creeds are represented, they
retire again to Houg-Kong. and in 1854 Mr. Hambenr
even in death, the Roman Catholic, the Mo- to
died there.
*
Lechler s experience was different. He proceeded
hammedan, Parsee, and Protestant. In the toHr.
the East of the province, thatis to the Hoklo-speaklng
latter lie the remains of Gutzlaff one of the country. But whilst he was well treated by the people
was pursued from place to place by the authorltlea'
saintly and devoted pioneers in Protestant mis- he
He attempted to aettle In no lesa than six diflerent places'
the
but
as many times he found the authorities were after
heights
sionary service in China. From
Issuingproclamations which forbade the
above the city may be obtained many very bim,
to receive the foreign Intruder ; and as manyInhabitants
times Mr
to resume the pilgrims staff. After having
beautiful views sea-ward. Below you lie the Lechlerhad
been there forftve years, and having been driven out for
terraced greenery of the city, the clustering the sixth time, not without having been able to mske
converts around him. one of whomIs at this
masts of the shipping, while the blue waters asome
ve.y respected elder In the English Presbyterianmoment
Church
stretch
the
mission,
Mr. Lechler found the region was not open and
away, gleaming in
of the bay
Hong-Kong Id 1853.
be
retired
to
sunlight like a giant mirror. Countless tiny What has been the result In those regional have Just been
speaking about r Not that the work launaccomanied with
boats dot its surface, and now and then pass peraecution,
even to the death; for we have had a recent
stately steamers or vessels under full sail. manifestation of that
so lately as two or three moutha
ago
nor
that
in lesserforma la not very prevBeyond may be seen the mountainous shore alent; ; but Justpersecution
thla. that the removal of these legal hindhas permitted three of the great Missionary Socieof the'main land. I have dwelt at some rances
ties to occupy that Hakkaregion with its millloua In the
length upon the unique beauty of Hong center
of the province of Canton. The Basle Missionary
Society In one part ; the London Miaslonary Society
it
me
rare
for
afforded
and
pleasure
Kong,
In the
South of the Ilakka-speaklng district; and the Miesiondelight, and so completely surpassed my an- arlea of the English Presbyterian Church in the Eastern

•

ticipations.
There are about 100,000 Chinese on the
Island, the larger portion of whom inhabit

part, occupy that country at tht present time. The aggregate of their Hakka-apeaklng converts, of whom threefourths belong to theBaale Missionary Sioclety,will be
less than ISOOcommunicants.—Extract from Omfrrmct no
<m
Rireign Mtirinni, Mildmay, 1878,

111 X
kind wife I received a cordial welcome which
1 shall not soon forget. Near the Mission
House is a large Church, where I sawa large
end attentive congregation of Chinese converts assembled on the Sunday I spent in
Hong Kong. The singing of some of the
old ■' chorals" which I had so recently heard
in the German Fatherland, especially touched me. One of the Chinese Christians in
the name of the Church sent cordial greetings to their brethren on our Islands.
CANTON.

This large and populous city is one of the
most interesting points to visit, in all the
great Empire of China. It is easily reached by steamer from Hong Kong, and affords
the stranger, whose time is limited, a remarkable opportunity of seeing many and characteristic phases of Chinese life and civilization. Even the exceedingly brief period
which my programme of travel allowed me
to allot to Southern China, gave me something of an insight into that strange and peculiar nutional life which has until recently
been almost unknown to the outer world.
The excursion up Pearl Kiver to this large
metropolis is delightful. The steamers which
ply daily between the two cities are immense
river boats of American build, fitted up in
the most comfortable and elegant manner.
The breakfast and lunch which are served
during the day, are bountiful and of the finest quality. Were it not for the peculiar
character of the shores which are to be seen
on either hand, the traveller might easily be
led to believe that he was steaming over the
waters of one of our great American' rivers.
From the spacious and well-shaded deck of
his steamer he looks off, however, on the
rice-fields of China, and not upon the green
banks bordering the Hudson. It is a view
nevertheless, possessing a picturesque beauty
of its own. Before him lies the broad surface of the river gleaming in the sunshine.
This is bounded by low lying lands, which
seem to be, as it were, a part of the river itself. Vast spreading fields of rice, of a tender delicate green, rise and fall in billowy
grace as

the wind

sweeps over them

Through them run long serpentine canals,
like arms of the river, intersecting the country far and near, and furnishing outlet from,
and inlet to, the inner country. Here and
there a great brown sail rises like the wing
of some huge water-fowl from these verdant
rippling fields. Involuntarily my thoughts
ran back to pleasant vacation days, spent
with the Wendish peasantry in the heart of
old Prussia, '-poling" my way over just
such " liquid ways as these, and yet how
far apart these places seemed, as if in different worlds ! Far away on the horizon were
the dim outlines of hills, partly veiled by the
blue, misty haze of the noon-time, suggesting still higher lands beyond. Now and
then from more elevated points on the
shore arose quaint and singularly picturesque
pagodas, producing a striking and most
agreeable effect in the otherwise somewha
monotonous landscape. Tncy seemed to be
of great antiquity and looked down upon us
in patriarchal dignity. From one of them,
by some odd trick of nature, a tree had
grown and high up in the air, hung out its
leafage as a banner against the sky. Along
the shores there were few houses or habita-

'

FRIEND,

/..iVURV,

tions to be seen. Before reaching Canton
we passed some forts guarding the river.
Once we stopped to leave some of our Chinese passengers, intrusting them to boats
which pushed off from the land. In sharp
contrast with the awkward old-fashioned
river-craft, appeared a trim Chinese Gunboat
which steamed past us down the river with
the dragon flag floating above it. So pleasant was the day, and so comfortable our surroundings that we would willingly have
been longer on the water. Early in the alternoon the great city was reached, and we
found ourselves in the midst of a perfect
flotilla of river boats, which so filled the water that it was far from easy to tell where
the water ended and the land began. It
would be difficult to conceive of two cities
more different in external appearance than
Hong Kong and Canton; the former clings
to the side of a mountain, and seems as if
suspended in mid air, while the latter lies
on a level plain, along the river, and presents a far from interesting appearance to
the new comer. It is not easy to describe
this city, so that those who have never seen
it will form any just idea of it. It is essentially different from the cities of other
parts of the world. Its streets are mere
lanes or covered thoroughfares. A large
number of its inhabitants have no home on
the land but form a floiting adjunct on the
waters of the river. The heat was terrible
during the few July days I spent in China.
It seemed to me almost as opptessive as that
which I had shortly before experienced in
India. So that I was very glad to get away
as soon as possible to my hotel, a queer sort
of a place, on the bank of the river, where I
could be shielded from the fierce glare of the
sun. At last from the verandah, overhanging the river, I could at leisure, survey the
scene before me. Here, truly, was China.
It seemed as if there was scarcely room on
river or shor for all the people, and that bye
and bye this inventive people would discover
some method of existing in the air. The
broad surface of the river was fairly alive
with boats, darting in all directions, and
largely under the care of strong muscular
looking women. These •' river peop'e " ure
one of the most characteristic features of
Canton. They are numbered by thousands.
Their home from infancy to old age is upon
these boats. They form as it were a city in
itself. The men find work during the day
upon the land, returning at night to their
floating homes. How they manage to exist,
it is difficult to see, but they appear to increase and flourish in their odd, contracted abodes. They are despised by the dwellers on the land, who regard themselves as
vastly their superiors'; yet no class of people
in China interested me so much as these almost amphibious "Tanka" people, as they are
called. At night when a thousand twink.
ling lamps are lit on the boats and along the
shore, the effect produced is very pleasing.
Though less beautiful, there is a certain similarity between this scene and that which
the Grand Canal at Venice presents in the
evening
To venture out into Canton, without a
guide, would be, for a stranger, a hopeless
task. This vast city is one labyrinth of
lanes, hordered by houses and shops, running in every direction, and any new-comer
j

1882.

11

alone, would soon lose his way here. The
best way is to procun a •' chair " and coolies
and a guide, and then he will have a fine
opportunity of v ewing the strange sights
and scenes of this '* new world " at his ease.
The population ofCanton h»s been set as
high as one million, and this s ems probable
when one has for a short time watched the
busy crowds hurrying through the streets in
an endless stream. So narrow are the
thoroughfares that one seems to be passing
for hours through the interior of some mammoth establishment, wherein endless succession wares of all varieties are exposed for
sale, and where the manufacturers and producers of the same may be seen at their
work. Many of the streets form long arcades,
covered, and but dimly lighted. The tempered und mellow light, the brilliant gold
and vermilion signs, with their quaint Chi
nese lettering, the color and variety of goods
offered for sale, and the odd faces and costumes of the buyers and sellers, all combine
to form a picture at once strange and pleasing. For hours 1 journeyed through the
city, stopping, now to enter some shop, or
visit a temple, or inspect some public building. Here were shops where the most beautiful silke and crapes und embroidered goods,
vases, counties articles, bearing the quaint
finish of Chinese art. funs, carven boxes,artificial flowers, etc etc , were offired lor sale.
Then came furniture establishments, where
handsome chairs and sofas, of rich woods and
variegated marbles were being manufactured.
Now passed a marriage or funeral procession
and we had to hurry away to let them pass.
Sometimes the air was freighted with incense coming from a neighbouring temple or

ancestral shrine. A thousand little incidents
of'' interior " life were disclosed, for every
thing seemed opened to the eye of the passer by. There were shouting and calling,
laughing and scolding. What a singular
Chinese Babel! My guide constantly commanded my admiration, he seemed to hold
the " Ariadne thread " of this labyrinth and
never went astray. He appeared to know
just what I wanted to see and led me to it,
without losing a moment's time. I have
tried " guides " in a good many cities of the
world, but this one of Canton bears off the
palm. There are a large number of temples
in this city, though the people are not 1
should judge very religious. Here you may
see reminders of the three great religions or
religious systems of China, Taoism, Confu
danism. Buddhism. One of the most interesting pl.ces we visited was the great Jlouant Temple, founded in ltfOO, where there
are about one hundred and fifty priests. The
grounds are extensive, and I enjoyed especially the garden, where some fine specimens
of Chinese horticultural art are to be seen.
In this same garden the dead bodies of the
Priests are cremated and their ashes preserved. The great temple seemed quite deseted when we visited it and the huge
gilt figures of Buddha were certainly oblivious to our presence. There was a singular peaceful calm about the place and the
only sound I heard was the rustling of the
leaves in the old trees. It waa a pleasant
change from the crowded, noisy lite of the
streets. There is another singular Buddhist temple in the heart of the city, known

12

THE

FRIEND,

JANUARY,

1882.

which when long worn must become the most a bit of southern Europe,—ladies with mancruel torture. And yet notwithstanding tillas, and sisters of Charity glided about
their miserable condition, they looked up the streets. Priests and churches and bells
smilingly at us. and held out ther hands for recalled the Italian towns I had so recently
money. One of the most agreeable incidents left. 'I he great charm of the place consisted
'
in the memories, connected with
ple of Horrors—than wßich nothing could be in this busy day of sight-seeing was our however,
more horrible. Here are always great lunch at the " Five Story Pagoda," an an- it of the poet Camoens who lived here for
crowds of the superstitious and curious to cient and picturesque structure, erected on a some time and wrote here a portion of his
be seen. The Ten Punishments of the slight elevation above the city. Here my famous epic poem, "The Lusiad." The
wicked m Hell are here represented in ever thoughtful guide had an excellent re- beautiful, tropical garden, where he loved to
painting and carving, on either side of an past prepared for me. Several students wander and the grotto where he wrote, are
open court. —and are fearful and realistic dropped in for a cup of tea, about the same still shown. Macao is a sleepy, dull Portuenough to delight the most Dantean imagi- time, pleasant looking young men, dressed guese settlement, wnich derives an infamous
nation. At the shrine of this temple I no- in white, nnd we bowed, smiled and gesticu- support and revenue from the licenses here
ticed a Chinese 1 -dy worshiping, elegantly lated to one another, and became very good sold to Gambling Houses, which are largely
dressed, and ntt<-nded by a train of servants. friends, without exchanging a word. From patronized by the Chinese. There is a sinThe ' Confucian Temple" where "an this point a very charming view is obtained. gular picturesque beauty about the quiet
image of Confucius and tablets of his most The city itself is directly at our feet The place. At least it struck me so the evening
distinguished disciples and commentators" most prominent object is the splendid great 1 spent there, watching successively the sun
may be seen, cannot fail to strike the granite Cathedral, which the French Roman setting in the rose-tinted west, the twilight
visitor,—Most ot the temples are gaudily Catholics are now completing here. One or gathering over the old-fashioned roofs of the
ornamented with paintings and carvings two pagodas are visible. Towards the East houses and battlements of the town, and the
and ornaments in porcelain. Though there may he seen the White Cloud Hills, which moonlight silvering the shore and sea, while
is much to interest the sight-seer in these I regretted much 1 had not time to vis't. bells chimed out the hours and the waves
various temples, still the Christian cannot Without the walls, and scattered in every broke softly on the sands Then I came
fail to be perpetually pained by the exhibi- direction were numerous tombs. Some of bock to Hong Kong for another brief but
tions here made of gross idolatry and blind ihem being made with much care. We re- pleasant visit, and a cheering walk and talk
superstition. How far, removed all this turned to the city once more through the with dear Herr Lechler, still so fresh and
seems from the pure simplicity of the re- Tartar quarter. On our way we passed a sweet in my memory that it seems as someligion of Christ! May the day soon come lofty Pagoda, and visited a small Govern- thing of yesterday—and I was once more on
when the Saviour of mankind shall be ment school, where English is taught. my homeward way. How the lights danced
acknowledged here as Lord. It was exceed- The master was absent, but I was most po- and gleamed like fire-flies in a thicket along
assistant and one the shore, and high up towards the
ingly pleasant now and then in our rapid litely received by a Chinese
a little for me. and I "Peak" as 1 watched Hong Kong from my
the
read
here
and
or
two
of
boys
the
to
notice
city
through
fourney
there little Protestant Christian chapels. was especially struck by their excellent steamer, the night I left, wondering if I
They seemed to greet us with a welcome of pronunciation. I feel that I am hurrying should ever see it again. But for you and
peace. Hastening through the dity we came through this letter very mucti as I did me one thing is certain, we have not to
As 1 cross the sea to find •'China,'" for we have
to the great "Examination Hall" which lies through the great city of Canton.
a little away from the busy whirl. I find a could have enjoyed a longer stay there, so it in our midst—and the same work is
notice of this in the excellent little hand- now I could wish that I might hove more given us to-day here to do as is given those
book of my friend Dr. Kerr, which I will time to tell you of what I saw in even this faithful servants of Christ in the land we
insert." " Here the triennial examinations brief visit. But as then, so now, other have just been visiting. As they have laof candidates ore held for the Xii Van or duties are calling me, and I must nsk you bored and ore still laboring so let us work,
second literary degree. There are 9,537 to take these hasty words, hoping that some looking up to the same Lord and Saviour
for strength and guidance.
stallf, and in the rear ofthe stalls ore rooms time you may see the city for yourself.
to
Fkank Williams Damon.
for about 3,000 officials, copyists, police and But I cannot close, without referring
Honolulu, Dec. 2S, 1881.
servants The candidates are put in the the great pleasure 1 had in meeting a number
Presbyteristalls with only pen, ink and paper, and all of Missionaries of the American here.
The
write essays on texts from the classics. One an Board, who are now laboring
Chinese in New South Wales.—While
the
leader
is
veteran
Happer
allowed
for
Rev.
Dr.
writing.
day and night are
at Legislature of N. S. W. is imposing a capThere are three sessions, with an interval of of this Mission, having been many years
three days between. At the time of this ex- his post of duty and usefulness. It was a itation tix of £10, on the entrance of a Chiamination many thousands of strangers are great privilege to meet with him and his naman into that colony, we are glad to learn
with them
in the city. Large sums of money are charming family, and to converseChina,
and that christians there are moving in the matstaked on the issue of the examinations. in reference to Mission work in
above,
Canton.
As
have
said
ter of the evangelization of those now there.
1
Here are the names of some of the "Halls." especially in
Missions,
I
of
Rhenish
and
so
where
the
Basle
Honesty,
are
We copy the following from the Record of
essays
"Hall of Perfect
handed in;" "Hall of Restraint, where title would say of this, that we, here in the isofthe late proceedings of the Presbyterian
of its
pages of the essays are sealed up;" "Hall lands, are to-day, reaping the fruits
God's
rich- General Assembly of N. S. W.. held in Sydand
noble
labor*.
May
where
are
exefficient
essays
of Auspicious Stars,
them
all! ney last October :
amined." This vast examination system is est and best blessing rest upon
of
wise,
had
the
some discussion the Rev. Dr Steel
privilege
1
features
the
like
in
In
most
remarkable
Canton
one of the
" Afterthe
becoming acquainted with Dr. and Mrs. Kerr proposed
following motion, which was
curious civilization ofthe Chinese.
While speaking of names, I might mention ofthe same Mission. The Doctor is at the carried :—' That the committee be authorizthose of some of the streets of this peculiar head of a noble Medical Mission, which is ed to secure a European Missionary to procity. Though just what connection there is one of the most beneficent institutions in ceed to China and acquire a knowledge of
between the place and name it would be dif. China. One evening at Dr. Happer's
ladies the Conton dialect, in order to labour among
ficult to tell. Here are a few,'' Great Peace house, I met a company of Missionary
Street," " Sreet of Benevolence and Love," and gentlemen, who in point of culture and the Chinese resident in this colony. That
Ascending Dragon Street " " Avenue of a refinement, would compare favorably with the special missionary work entrusted to the
"Thousand
Beattitudes " •' Street of one thou- the best social circles in Europe or Amer- Committee, with its increased expenditure
sand Grand-sons ! " We iust glanced into ica.
commended
From Canton I went down to Macao, a and responsibilities, be earnestly
one of the prisons, a sad, gloomy place. In
increased liberality and intercessory
one close, disagreeable room, a company of Portuguese settlement on the sea coast. It to the
the congregations and Sabbath
poor, weary looking fellows were crowded was difficult to realize that I was in China, prayers of
Church.'"
the
the
Schools
of
wag
the
whole
qf
character
together. They all wore the '• Cangue " a so different
in the right direction.
Canton.
It
seemed
like
This
is
a
step
that
of
necks,
of
wood
about
their
from
place
large square
as the ''Temple of 500 Genii." Here are
five hundred images of Buddha representing
him in all imaginable dignified and undignified attitudes. But the strangest place of
•II in the city is the City Temple" or Tem-

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Report
R M 8 Zealand*a. Chevalier Commander.

*

Sailed from SanFrancisco December 20, «t 2:45 p.m. discharged pilot. First two days experienced line weather
then strong southerly gale with heavy head aea, this
weatherlasted during the 22d aud 23d insta., and In consequence was compelled to reduce engine to half speed
during twelve hours. Received Honolulu pilot on board

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December 27th at 3:3.1 p.

h.

Notice to Mariners.
Notice 1b hereby given that ou and after the FIRST
of JANUARY, 1882. there will be exhibited ou the extreme eouthweat Point of the Island of Holokal {known
bh Lac oka Laauj a fixed white Freenel Light of the
Fourth order, showing from all points of the Compass.
The Light is HO feet above sea level, And U visible
from a vessels' deck In clear weather a distanceof 11
miles. The Tower Is painted White; the Lantern Red.
Latitude 21* 6* N. Longtltude IS7- 18 W. (from Green-

°1

fell:*:*
ii •
°: c : s: s «2«
ajo. « : S
Bo 5

Cs

MEMORANDA.
Report of the Sir Lancelot. Bhortland. Master—Sailed
from the Clyde, July 30tli, had fresh SW wind first part
of the passage, sighted Madeira 16th August, had light

NE trades toll- North Int. then fresh BW monsoon,
crossed the equator 29* went lon. 3H daya out, then had
baffling HE trades to 22- south lat, from thence to Cape
Horn had fresh WNW winds, sighted tape Horn, Oct
11 tli, 7J days out, ou the 13th iell in with heavy NW
and WNW gales up to the 27th Oct, then had strong
westerly wiuds, got the ME
trades, 22- Slat
had moderate light HE trades, crossed the equator
124* west, 117 days out, tfot NE trades 11- north lat, had
fresh breezes to port, aighted the Island of Hawaii i pru
on 7th Dec, and reached port on Bth Dec. after a passage
of 130 daya. In the last part of the passage from Cape
Horn the ship averaged 8 knots an hour for 42 days. Ou
the 24th Oct the ship was under lower maintop sail, nilzen staysail, main topmast staysail,
tremendous heavy seas—ship took on board a heavy sea
and washed Alex .Saunders overboard, the weather being
so very bad that no boat could be lowred to attempt to
rescue him.
Report of bk Kalakaua, Jenks, Vaster—Sailed from
San Francisco, Nov 21; tlrst eleveu days had very light
N to NW winds. Took the NE trades In lat 24 lon 135-and have continued with us, moderate with rain showers,
to port. Dec 13th at 6a m sighted Mauland arrived off
Diamond Head R'p m same date. Took pilot on board at
6.20 and dropped anchor at <*> p nf; pilot going on shore.
Shortly after departure of the pilot found vessel was
drifting and on heaving lead found that we had been left
in 40 fathoms water. It took us until midnight to recover chain and make sail again. Arrived In port on the
14th inst, 22 days passage.
Report of P M 8 S City of Sydney, Dearborn, Commander—Left Sydney, Dec Ist, at 345 p m. Arrived at
Honolulu, Dec l.tthat 7.30 a m.with 0 steerage passengers
and 22 tons of cargo, lncludlug 2 bxs treasure, value

«5

re

ci

- -

|2(a

a• Sco

Dec 3—Am bktne W H Dimond, Houdlett, for 8 F
U—Am bktue Discovery. Perrlman, for 8 F
10—Bk AldenHeaae, Noyes, for Hong Kong
11—Am schr Eva, Paul, forHumboldt
12—Am bk Calbarlan, Hopkins, for fan Francisco
14—Am brig W H Meyer. Howe, for San Frauciaco
19—P M 8 S City of Sydney, Dearborn, for S F
-it-Am bktne J A Falklnburg, Heivert, for 8 F
26—Am bgtue W G Irwin, Turner, for San Franciaco
27—R MI 8 Zealand!., Chevalier, for Australia
29 Am bk C O Wultmore, Shlllaber, Departure Bay

I 1 I ii

f

■ (I

JANUARY,

UEPARTURtES.

BY AUTHORITY.

|

FRIEND,

wich.)

c3as
-*

The following are the Magnetic bearings (variation
9- 20 X..' extreme [mint of land being takeu :
South Point of Oahu. N HI- W
Eaat Poiut of Oahu, N H6- W
Mokapu, NE Oahu. N 56- W
NW Point of Molokai, N 8 E
Lahaiua Light, 8 78- E
NE Point Lanaf.B 72- E
rt W Point Lanal, s 49- E
Mariners are especially cautioned against confound.
Ing this with the N W Point of Molokai bearing as
above, distant 9 utiles.
December, 3rd, 1881
PASSENGERS.

Fori*an Francisco, per City of Sydney, Dec 19—RtRev

u.

II

B

i?

i

«

MARINE JOURNAL.
PORT OF HONOLULU. S. I.
ARRIVALS.
Dec S—Am bgtne W G Irwin. Turner, 8 F viaKahului
8—Br bk Sir Lancelot. Shortlaud. 131 dya fr Glasgow
9—Am bk AldeuBessie, Noyes, from Astoria, bound
for Hongkong
13—Hawn bk Kslakaua, Jenka. from San Franciaco
14—Am schr Anna. McCulloch from San Francisco
19-P MSB City of Bydney, Dearborn, from Sydney
and Auckland
21—Am bgtne. Eureka, Emerson, from B F
21—Gr stmr Anjer Head, Roper, from 8 F
23—Am schr Btaghound, Hansen, fm Ban Francisco
24—Am bktne Ella, Brown, fromBan Franciaco
24—Am bktne Ella, Brown, from Ban Franciaco
'2.1-Am bk Martha Rideout, Wlckberg, fm Pt Blakely
J7—R MSB Zealandia, Chevalier, from S F

13

1 8 82.

lor Han Frauclaco. per W(1 Irwin. Dec M—!•' X Tirr.ll,
J T Brady, u I. Wolf, C >l Welsh, I consul's wan.
For Australia, per Zealandia, Dec '27—J Kvans, F W
Late, W Much, U'.mu Huoux See.
From Kxu Frauclsco per Zealandia, December 37—Mrs
J MOat, jr. Mlas Kino. Miss X Kirk. Mlaa Judd, Miss
Htvsn, Mtas A Halstead.A Parinenter, U P Castleand wife,
Dr Tlsdale, Mr* Macfle, E M Mclnerny, X R Hind and
wire, J 0 (isle and wife. W M Ureenwood, Win Foster,
J Brownand wife, Mr Koeblau and wife, Mr Oinbert,
Rev A Simpson and wife, Mra J W Thompson, Dr L H
Thompson, E P Adams. F II Pbelpha, A Nathan, Capt X
dc Pletrowskl, Mrs Lewis, Miss Brodle. E A Phillips, M
UHviuau.J 0 (Made, J T Wells, E Ward, Mis. J
Phillips, W Charlea, H Eriach, N Ashby wife and child,
B F Ashby. J 0 Jenkins H Sllva, W X Johnson, J M
Rosa, T McNulty, Larson, Thompson, Scott, Horlue.
Hubbard, Sluiupy, ami 1:1 Chinese, lit paasengers in
transit for the Colonies.
MARRIED.

F.UWARDB—MACHADO-At Palaina, Nov. », by Rev.
U. 11. I'arker, John C. Eiiwakdh to Mrs. Julia Machado.
BILVA—DAZAVIPO—In Honolulu, Nov. H, by Rev.
H. H. Parker, John Hilva to Victomna Dazavido.
COWAN— MOFFITT— At Kohala, Hawaii, ou the 4th
lilt., by the Rev. Theodore I.miter. Mr. Jamks Cowan, of
Klpabulu, to Miss >i aiiv Moffit, of Honolulu.
AIIANA—CHIN.—Married, in Honolulu, Dec. 6th. by
the Rev. b. C. Dnuiou. Thadukus auana and Kan Shin
Chin, both of Honolulu.

DEATHS.
CUMMINS.—At Waiinaiialo, Oahu. December 7th, after
a long sud lingering Illness, Kaimilani, youngest
daughter of Hon. Juo A. Cummins, aged 16 yesrs.
MAXWELL—At Portland, Oregon. Dec. 3rd, 1981, of
cancer of the stonisch, Gxohok W. Maxwell, aged 311
years, s native of Honolulu leaving a widow and one
child to mourn their loss. Decessed was the eldest sou
of the late Wm. E. Maxwell, of thla city (familiarly
known as "Tim"), and brother of Wm. J. Maxwell,
printer. George was noted for energy and Industry, aad
an amiable disposition. His funeral was largely attended
by theFiremen of Portland, he having filled the position
of First-Assistant Kngtneer of the Fire Department of
that city.
E. CUING SING—Ou Friday, 30th Inst., at hisresidence
24 Nunanu Street, Honolulu, Mr. E. ChinoSino.

:

"Home for the Homeless" again.

" Probably every one of the 75.000 Chinamen in California is a married man but has
left his wife at home. It is clear to me. that
they would not hesitate to bring them, firstly, if they could afford it secondly, if they
felt secure of property and liberty."— South'
em Workman August 1881.
Thus wrote our Commissioner of Immigration. Mr. Armstrong, after leaving China,
and on his arrival Ht Singapore, under date
of May 10th. Now the Chinaman is secure
of property and liberty on the Hawaiiiin Islands, but he is not able, in many instances,
to bring his wife hither. What we advocate
is that the Board of Immigration shall ndopt
more wise judicious plans for bringing hither
the wives of the thousands of Chinamen, resding on these islands. We believe it to
be a feasible and common sense method of
improving the population ofthis kingdom.

Hawaiian Board and Chinese Work.
One of our correspondents, who contributes largely to mission work, thus writes us;
The Hawaiian Board must arouse to this
"Chinese
work. It is squarely upon us and
somebody must take it up. If not. somebody

Blabop Willis, M S Uriiiibauin and wife. Hon H A P Carter, Capt Hubbard, A McWsyue and wife, H J Aguew, II
Mseksy. W Hesse, jr. Mrs Morgan. Mrs Olhon. A W Bush.
Mr Hecbt. s L Conn sud wife, W Messer. J Hlrvlng, J T
White and wife, A Singer. II G Jaruian, T Buchanan,
E Bread.W I) Phillips, T Spesrmau, W J Peters and wife,
J Wilson. J Ashworth. J Burgess, J Oonuor. M P Donnell,
J Brown, A Brownsou, 11 M uller, L Clirlstalno J Wilcox, cisc will."
and 7 Chinese.
The incoming of Chinese,
ForBan Franciaco. per I A Falkinburg. Dec 30—Mrs J
Wood and daughter, Mrs W Turner, A McKay.
Micronesians, Norwegians and

From Hydney and Auckland, per City of Sydney, Dec
10—Mr and Mrs Hnlne, Mr and Mrs J Wolter, James
I'Nell.
l
Wm Blair, Miss R Kohlk.
From elan Francisco per Anjer Head. Dec. '22.-Mr.
Luker and 10 Chinamen; 556 in tranalt tor Hong Kong.
From Han Franciaco, per Eureka, Dec 21—E Albaugh,
R W Putnam, Robt Olura, L Hager.
For r'annlog's Island, per Jenny Walker, Deo 21—Mr
and Mrs J Blcknell and son, G B Gregg, 8 Mauahlkls and
1 Chinaman.
For San Franciaco, per W H Dlmond, Dec 3 Mr Mrs
Dillon, 11 M Freek and wife, Geo Agnew, T D Morris, G H
Kelts, R Slmmott, O W Brown, G Moreno, C Walsh.
For San Francisco, per Caibarian, Dec 12—J Charlton.
For San Francisco, per W H Meyer, Dec U—John Knox.
From San Franciaco, per Amu, Dee 14—F N Wilts.
John Pearcy.
From Ban Francisco, per Kalakaua, Dec 14—Mr. J W
Robertson, Mrs Horatio Bailey and child. ColPaul Norrls, J E Ferrea, J T Brady, Byron Demlng, N A Boyle,

*

Portuguese,

other nationalities, calls for increased activity on the part
of our Missionary Board, but individual
christians should remember that the Board
and the Churches are made up of individual
christians. It is for individuals to act, labor,
contribute, pray, then will the Board and

Churches become efficient and aggressive.
Never was there a season in the history of
our island community when there was more
encouragement to labor. The opening ofthe
new year is a good opportunity for awakened zeal and renewed activity.

14

THE
EDITOR'S TABLE.

The Chinese, their Education Philosophy and Letters, by W. A. P. Martin, LL.
D., President of the Tung Wen College, Peking. Harper and Brothers. N. V., 1881.
The Religions of China, by James
Legge, Professor of the Chinese Language,
Oxford, England, C. Scribner's Sons, New
York, 1881.
The nuinberof new publications relating to
China, which are now issuing from the press
in England and America, are note-worthy
events in the universal literature ofthe passing oge. If any one will glance over Trubner'B Month y Literary Record, he will learn
that new books relnting to China are continually making their appearance. His Catalogue of Oriental and Linguistic Publications, now lies on our table, and we notice
six written by the Rev. Dr. Edkins, a Scotish Missionary resident in Peking. Several, each by Dr. Legge, Chalmers, Douglass
Giles and others. That nation, nnnerio so
closely sealed up, is no>v ,-oming forth to assume a marked position, not only in the po-

litical and commercial world, but also in hee
literary world.
We have perused with deep interest nnd
profit the two works standing at the head of
this article, and most cordially commend
them to the readers of the e'un nh. Ur.
Legge enjoys a world-wide reputation as a
Scholar and Missionary, but now is Prolessor at Oxford, Englana, and we esteem it
among the privileges of our late visit to
England and America, that we were permitted to meet him at Oxford, and Dr. S. Wells
Williams, in New Haven Ct.
The Volume by Dr. Martin, contains a
choice collection of essays and reviews,
which have appeared during late years in
North American Review, New Englander,
and other publications. Some of the articles are written with great cure, and evince
a rare scholarship and literary taste. If any
one desires to cultivate an acquaintance with
Chinese literature, scholarship and history,
wo commend to their careful perusal the
writings of Legge, Edkins, Martin. Douglass, Williams and others.
Christmas Tree at the Chinese Church.
Vesterday evening Young China bad a
gala at the pretty new church on Fort Street.
Prof. Frank W. Damon assisted by Miss
Payson, and many kind Christian ladies,
devised and constructed an elaborate Christmas tree. It presented a pyramidal mass of
foliage, interspersed with stars, fruits, flowers,
and bonbons; and with numerous wax lights
was brilliantly illuminated. It was the wonder and delight of about sixty little Celestials assembled there, and for whose entertainment and instruction it was devised.
And betides there were tables spread out

JANUARY,

FRIEND,

with toys, bonbons, and Chinese oranges for
good luck, with the name attached to a
ticket surmounting a lot of gifts. Upon the
walls were inscriptions in Chinese and EngOn
lish—"Glory to God in the Highest;
Earth, Peace and Goodwill to Men." There
was a large and interested company of
foreign ladies and gentlemen present, besides
the Chinese parents and friends ; and the
occasion was most interesting and impressive
—impressive to any thoughtful mind, to observe the culture nnd Christian spirit of the
Western civilization, thus planning and
laboring with all the zeal of true love to harmonize in the spirit ofthe brotherhood of
Christ with the multitudinous Eastern civilization. This is the true way. Not with
treaties and guns, or guns and treaties—but
with child-like love, taken hold of the children ; and by such acts «s this Christmas tree,
eradicating race prejudice out of their
hearts.
There was song und prayer, and thechildren repeated the Lord's Prayer, and recited
the story of the Birth of Christ, as related in
the Gospel in the English and Chinese languages- Among the company that had
assembled to witness this interesting occasion, H. R. H. Princess Liliuokalani, Honorables Mr. and Mrs. Bishop. Mrs. H. A. P.
C»rter, His Honor Chief Justice Judd, Rev.
Drs. Damon and Hyde, Rev. J. A.and Mrs.
Cruzan. P. C. Advertiser, Dec. 24.

""

—

Sailors' Home.

The yearly meeting of the Sailors' Home Society wan held at the Home on 'Wednesday laat,
the L'lst inst., at 11 a.m., S. N. Castle, President, in
the chair. The meeting was opened with prayer
by the Rev. S. C. Damon. After reading of the
minutes of the previous meeting, the Treasurer
read the following report, covering a space of two
years:
The Sailor.' Host in Account with Chas. R. Bishop.
Thbasukkb.
credit:

1879—Dec 31—By balance as per ar't ren'd $83.82
1880—Dec IS—By 1 mouth's rent of Cellar. 10.00
1881—Dec lS-By la month's rent of Offlce 10U.U)
38.14

1881—Dec 21—By balance

.•• __ .•• .••

DEBTOR:

J233.98

1880—Jan 2- To paid E. Dnnscombc's bill.* 44.50
j. H. mack's bill
2.U0
g. Segelkcn & Co bill
••
1.1)0
Lewers & Dickson's *' 1..Mi
"'• " —"
Dec 21— " •'
"
"
" 5.05
E. Dunscombe's
1881—'•' 4:1.40
H.V.Uurguu'i
"136.45
"-July 15"
$233.90
$38.14
1881—Dec 21-By balance
Cms. K. Bishop.
E. & O. E.
Honolulu, Dec. 21.1881.
The amount of $100 being due shows a balance

•

"
"

of $61.86 to the credit of the Sailors' Home.
Bey. S. C. Damon, Chairman of the Executive
Committee then read the following annual report,
which we commend to the attention of onr readers:
BEPOBT OF CHAIEMAN OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

1882.
have found in Mr. and Mrs. IJunscoinbe, persons
who have thoughtfully provided for their present
necessities and sent them forward on the journey
of life. From not a few of these kind words of
thanksgiving have been returned, like the following, from an English sailor, who thus writes from
Portland, Oregon, under data of Nov. 4th last:
About a month ago, you remember the barque
Gltngaba coming to Honolulu. I am the nppreutioe
that cam* to the Heading Boom, to whom you
gave tracts; the Bible was brought up from the
bottom of my cheat, and I began to think of
olden times.' I shall ever bless God that took
me to Honolulu."
Mr. Dunscombo ia constantly receiving similar
letters from seamen and lalwrerg, passing through
Honolulu to the various plantations on the Islands. Scarcely a day passes that the keeper of
the Home is not assisting some stranger newly
arrived, onward to his future homo on other Islands or distant part of the world. Hence I am
confident in asserting, that the Honolulu Sailors'
Home, with its lodgings," Beading Boom,"
Bible and Tract Depository and other elements
of moral good, is now accomplishing the grand
object of its original design under the reign of
Kamehameha 111, and which has been continued
under his successors to the present time. The
"Home" has been a centre from whence has
emanated good to both the bodies and souls of
hundreds and thousands.
In the management of the establishment, it has
been so carefully conducted, that since 1874, the
public has not been called upon to contribute one
dollar for its support. There has been a small
balance in the treasury, at the end of each year as
follows: $8.00 in 1874, $1.81 in 1875, $63.76 in 1870,
$3.31 in 1877, $59.53 in 1878, $85.82 in 1879, and for
1880 and 1881 it will appear that the "Home" is
still solvent.
The time has oome when some important repairs are absolutely needed, and the main building
needs repainting. It is to be hoped the Trustees
at this annual meeting will take the necessary
steps to carry out this measure.
The Chairman of the Executive Committee in
making this annual report, desires to express his
acknowledgments to all patrons and supporters of
this establishment, which he has endeavored most
carefully to guard and watch over for more than
a quarter of a century. I do not think, I could
have more faithfully looked out for its welfare, or
guarded its interest, if it had been ray own property from which I was deriving an annual income
of substantial pecuniary support, or emolument.
S. C. Damon,
Chairman of Executive Committee.
Honolulu, Deo. 23,1881.
In place of the retiring trustees the following
gentlemen were elected by ballot Id serve for a
term of three years: E. O. Hall, S. C. Damon, J.
C. Glade, B. P. Dillingham, H. Mhv, A. S. Cleghorn; to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
J. G. Dickson, C. M. Cooke was dnly elected.
After the adjournment of the meeting of the
Sailors' Home Society, a meeting of the Board of
Trustees was called to order by the President, 8.
N. Castle. The minutes of the last meeting being
read and approved, the election of officers of the
Board by ballot, was proceeded with which resulted
aa follows: S. N. Castle, President; C. B. Bishop,
Treasurer; F. A. Sohaefer, Secretary; Executive
Committee, Bey. S. C. Damon, E. O. Hall, P. C.
Jones, Jr.
The Trustees inspected the entire building and
found the same well kept, but needingrepairs. It
was therefore on motion carried that the Executive Committee be authorized to spend a sum not
to exceed $300, for repairs and to devise ways and
means for procuring the necessary funds. No
doubt the community will respond to a call made
on them for as useful an institution as the Sailors'
Home has proved to be for a term of twenty-seven
years.

"
'

"

"

"

"

"

"

We have assembled to recognize the 27th AnniThe Rev. F. A. Beckwith.—This gentleman
versary of an Institution, which was established
is a son of Rev. Dr. Beckwith of San
more than a quarter of a century ago, for the
benefit of seamen. It in confidently asserted that Francisco. He is a graduate of Vale College,
the original design of the Society and the "Home"
has not been departed from, although other studied theology at New York Theological
classes in the community have enjoyed its benefits. With the change in the business and com- Seminary, and in Europe. He was ordained
mercial affairs of Honolulu, a change has taken on the 4th of last month, at Santa Barbara,
place among those resorting to the Home."
The Home " naturally comes to be a resort for southern California; Sermon, by Rev. Dr.
strangers, of various nationalities,passing through
Honolulu. It is now "The Strangers1 Best," a Warren. The other parts were as follows :
name given to a class of " homes established in Ordaining prayer, Rev. Geo. B. Tolman ;
Liverpool, London and other European cities.
While seamen have resorted hither as in former Right hand of Fellowship, Rev. S. R. Welyears, (of their own free will, or sent hither by don
to

"

"

"

—

Consuls,) strangers
Norwegians, Portuguese,
South Sea Islanders and other nationalities have
a
here found temporary home. These representatives of a dozen different nationalities and raoes,

; Charge
the Pastor, Rev. E. G. Beckwith, D. D ; Address to the People, Rev. (..
J. Hutchins.

THE
Places of Worship.
Seamen's Bethel—Rev. F. C. Damon, Chaplain,
King street, near the Sailois: Home. Preaching
at 11 a. M. Seats free. Sabbath School before the
morning service. Prayer meeting ou Wednesday
evenings at 7& o'clock.
Corner of Fort and
Fost Stbkkt Chubcu
Beretania streets. Preaching on Sundays at 11
a. v. and 74 p. M. Sabbath School at 10 a. m.
The Anulican Cuukcu—Bishop, the Bt. Bey. Alfred Willis. D. D.; Clergy. Rev. Mr. Blsokburue,
Rev. Alex. Mackintosh. St. ADdrew's Temporary
Cathedral, Beretania street, opposite the Hotel.
English services on Sundays att>4 and 11 a. *.. and
24 and 7£ p. m. Sunday School at the Clergy
House at 10 a. m.
Kawaiahao Church—Rev. H. 11. Parker. Pastor,
King street, above the Palace. Services in Hawaiian every Sunday at 11 a.m. Sabbath school
at in a.m. Evening services at 7J o'clock, alternating with Kanmakapili. District meetings in
various chapels at 3.30 P. M. Prayer meeting
every Wednesday at 7J p. M.
Kaumakapim Church—Rev. M. Ktiaea. Pastor,
Beretania street, near Nmianii. Services in Hawaiian eveiy Sunday at Hl4 A. h. Sabbath school
at 94 A. m Evening services at 7j o'clock, alterPrayer meeting every
nating with Kawaiahao.

—

Wednesday at 7j

P. It.

JANUARY,

FRIEND,
a.a.

WHiTNsr

j.

w.

außssTnox

WHITNEY & H.ROBERTSON,
M.
(Successor, to

188 2-.

15

SAILORS' HOME !

Whitney),

Importers and Dealers in Foreign Books,
STATIONERY

BOOK,
PUBLISHERS
History

A.

PERIODICALS.

OF THE HAWAIIAN QUIDS

of the Hswaiian Islands,
Hawaiian Phrase Book,
Hawaiian Grammar,
Andrews' Hawaiian Grammar,
Hawaiian Dictionary,
Chart of the Hawaiian Islands.

'"

LOW

Jarre,'

ALSO, ON HASP,

X?™MMXKMkW|x^BlUmJ]|m|Lw^

OTHER BOOKS ON THE ISLANDS.

For Sale at Sailors' Home Depository.
AND CHINESE LESSONS. By
ENGLISH
Rev. A. W. Loooiis. Published by American Tract
Price 75c.

Society.

JS.uo per Doxen.

NOTICE TO SHIP MASTERS.
DILLINGHAM & 00.,

ED. DUNBCOMBE,
1,1878.
Manager.

Honolulu. January

BISHOP k 00., BANKERS,

No. 37 Fort Street,

KEEP A FINE ASSORTMENT OF

Goods Suitable for Trade.

MOXOLIiM:. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
■"*

DRAW EXCIIANUK ON

THE BANK OF CALIFORNIA. SA.\ FRANCISCO'

—

—

Chinese Chubch—Mr. Sit Moon, noting pasAID THIS AOBXTB II
tor, on Fort street, above Beretania. Services
New Isrlt,
in Chinese language every Sunday morning, at
MASTERS VISITING THIS PORT
Baasaa,
during the last Six Yean can testify from personal exParis.
11 a. M., and 11/,l 1/, p. M. Sunday School at 9%
p.
assortment
Isrklaiiil,
perience
undersigned
keep
that
the
the
best
of
m.
a. m. every Sabbath morning, and at 2%
THE
ORIENTAL
p.
BANK CORPORATION, LONDON,
m. every Wednesday
Prayer meeting at 7Y,
aid txsis BXASOBXS ta
evening. Singing School at 6% P. M. every GOODS FOR TRADE
IlongbanK.
Friday evening.
And SeU Cheaper than any other House in the
Sraaer and
of
Roman Catholic Church—Under the charge
Kingdom.
Mrlbsursr.
Rt. Rev. Bishop Maigret, assisted by Rev. Father
And Trsneaot a General Bankinr. Basin—a.
aplt SO
DILLINGHAM A CO.
Hermann ; Fort street, near Beretauia. Services
M.
at
a.
and
t
P.
10 m.
every Sunday
New YOrlx.

SHIP

—

THE HAWAIIAN HOTEL,

0. H. COOKS.

XOBT. LIWIM.

¥

EWERS

COOKE.

Sl

ASSETS (Ca.1.)...
•38.000.000
ANNUAL INCOME
8.000.000
CASH SURPLUS
7.000.000
H. HACKFELD fc CO.,

Fort Street, Honolulu, H. 1.

ADAMS.

P.

LIFE INSURANCE CO.
Thirty-fourth Annual Report!

(Successors to Lewers k Dick.on,)
Dealers in Lumber and Building Materials,

fji

Auction and Commission Merchant,

<'.

Kire-Proof Store, in Robinson. Building, Queen Street.

assortment

.

CslHorniau Candles, made by the beet confectioners In the
world, and these he offer, for sale at Tradeor Retail Price..
ly

{1

The only

street.

K.>rt

Si.

BREWER

CO..

<>.

Gsoeral Agents.

BERGER.
Hawaiian Islands.

Special Agent for the

BY P. McINERNY.
street, xbove Hotel
CONFECTIONER!'.
71,
Constantly on
ofthe beat French and
an
hand,

—

.

■seal

JOHN M. LAWLOK, PROPRIETOR,
ALL THE MODERN IMPROVEmentsrequisite for carrying on a nrst-cUs. Hotel.

HAS

TREGLOAN'S

Commission and Shipping Merchants,

CsaisnsT

that issues Toaiiatt lavrst
practically A a Eadaw-

Paliele*. Being

xaeat Pallcy

at the Uaaal Km lea.

Board, &c,ORin London,
ONE
DAT

LONGER,

AT MR. AND MRS. BURR'S,

10. 11 and IS, U«ff» Sajaare, W. C.
M I «l|l mention where you may get
a quiet resting-place In
London. In search or that sort of thing I have in mv time
wandered into all sorts of hotels and boarding bouses. Bat
S. McGR E W
J>.,
M
the rattle or the cabs along the pitched-atoned roads has ever
come between me and my rest. The quietest and nicest place
Late Surgeon Y. S. Army,
that I hare aa ret duoovered within easy reach ol the sights
ESTABLISHMENT,
and sounds of London is Mr. Burrs Hoardmx-House. 11
Can be con.ulted at hi. residence on Hotel street, between
Queen's Square, Bloom.burr. There is a home feeling there,
Alakea and Fort streets.
aeolid comfortableness, an orderly management, and a qalet
night which are all quite refreshing. Thia latter qu.lltr
at
yUV
G. IRWIN It CO..
CALL THE ATTENTIONaf the Cl.laeaa comes from there being no thoroughfare through the square
;
of Oahuand the other Islands to the fact that 1 have but theothor good qualities of the establishment
are due to
Commission Merchants,
OPENKI) a large
Hie edmirable care and attention of Mr. and Mrs. Burr
Plantation and Insurance Agenta, Honolulu, H. I.
Ci.el-la.»'—Cketttnkam Ckrnuiele, Hay 30th, 1878—11
First-Class Establishment.
Queen's square, W. 0 London. [Day or longer.]
au2
Where Qentlemen can find a
HOFFMANN, M. I>
My
THOS. C.
Honolulu, Oanu. H. I.

JOHN

.

NBW

Merchant Tailoring

Corner Fort and Hotel Streets.

I

Corner

Physician and Surgeon,
Merchant

~

and Kaahumanu Street., near the Po.t Office

SWITiU

A. 1,.
IHTOETEE & DEALEE IN JEWELEY,
Kins'. Combination Spectacles,

—

Well-selected
Stock
of Goods,
Chosen wltb
as
and
to style,
great care,
to this climate.

[ly]

Vases, Bracket., etc. etc.

TERMS STRICTLY CASH

-

Wo. TB, Port St.

Machines, Picture Frames,

W. PEIRCE

fc

CO..

(Succesors to C. L. Richards a Co.)

Ship Chandlers and General Commission Merchants,

Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.
AMU Piil.. Salt
Br.a.'i 80.. Usees,
Aad Parry DavL- Pal. Killer.

W.raT,

THRUM,

--•

STATIONEEY AND HEWS DEPOT,

No.

10 Mrrckasl Street,

Heaelala.

Having had an extensive experience In connection with
OP READING M ATTER-Or
some of the largest Importing booses in New York and PhilaPapers and Magaalnee, back numbers—pal up to order at
delphia, I can assure my customers that they will not only reduced rates
ly
fcr parties going to

PACKAGES

secure the

Glass and lated Ware,
Sewing

adapted

a

Very Best Materials
but will also obtainat my place

The BEST FITTINC GARMENTS

•

that can be turned oat ol any establishment In
the Eastern cities.

sax.,

CASTLE
& COOKE
IMPORTERS
AND DEALERS IN

GENERAL MERCHANDISE!

or
English Hunting Pantaloons I H E New
Mutual Li's Insurance Ocaeaar.
UnionMarine Insurance
Sua frxaoieeiy
11ThetrieKohala
The
Haiku
LADIES' RIDING
HABITB
The Mamakua
SPROIALITY.
dQEHTS

Ingiaod

MADE A

Eastern Styles.
Children's Suits, in TREQLOAN,
Honolulu.
W.

Oaanpaay,
Sugar Company,
Sugar Company.
Sugar Company.
The Wslslus Sugar Plaatatlea,
TheWheeler k Wilson Sawing Machine Osaepanv,
Dr. Jarne ft Sons Celebrated Family Medidnea.

a*

ChYMrisoetuann'gH
Aocf onolulu.
Purereligion and undeflled before Ood, the Father, is this:
To visit thefatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep one's self unspottedfrom the world.
THIS PAGE IS

Edited

by

a Committee of the Y. H. C. A.

The Association held its monthly meeting
Lyceum on Thursday evening, Dec.
13th, Vice-President Thrum in the Chair.
The attendance was good and indicated a
growing interest in our work.
Mr. Frank Damon gave a very encouraging report of the work among the Chinese.
He is devoting much of his time to acquiring
the language, having as teacher, a colporter
employed by the Association.
Upon recommendation of the Committee
on Prayer Meetings it was unanimously
voted to return to the old hour—Sabbath
evening at 6:45 at the vestry of Fort Street
Church.
The Employment Committee has secured,
as far as possible, situations for those who
have applied.
The Committee appointed at the last
meeting have purchased a lot on the corner
of Hotel and Alakea streets. They hope to
begin the new building at an early date.
The amount subscribed to date amounts to
812,986 and subscribers are requested to p»y
in one-half of their subscriptions within the
next thirty days. The Chairman of the
Committee on Charter, Judge A. F. Judd,
submitted a charter, which, with slight alterations as it was read section by section, was
approved by the Society and will be brought
before the Privy Council at its first meeting.
The Committee on revision of the Constitution was prepared to report, but it was
deemed expedient to hold a special meeting
on Thursday evening, Dec. 29th, for its consideration.
At the special meeting on Thursday evening Dec. 29th, a majority and minority report of the Committee on revision of the
Constitution was presented. A lengthy discussion followed, and it being manifest that
no decision could be reached in the matter,
both reports were placed in the hands nf a
new Committee consisting of Messrs. Pratt,
Judd and Atherion, to revise and report at
the meeting in January.
at the

that members of these opposite types of civilization should understnnd each other.
We believe the method of intercourse
should be based upon the principles of christian love. We could wish our readers hnd
been present, n» we were, last Sabbath afternoon at the Chinese Church, and witnessed
more than 100 Chinese taught by 40 and
more ladies, gentlemen and children, the rudiments of the English language, and the
simple principles of Christianity. The recitations, readings and sinking indicated progress in the right direction. We believe this
is the proper method of solving the muchdiscussed and vexed Chinese quesfon. It is
the way to avoid or overcome the sharp antagonism of race-prejudice, so alarmingly apparent in California.
This method is precisely carrying out the
principle, that General Armstrong is endeavoring to practice nnd develop upon a
larger and broader scale in the United States
between those of African, Indian and AngloSaxon origin. The Geueral has ever acknowledged that he acquired his first lessons
in this grand undertaking while witnessing
the labors of his f.ther and other Missionaries in their treatment of Hawaiians. Now
the Chinese form another clement in the
problem of races being worked out on the
Hawaiian Islands. Hereafter we shall have
more to offer upon this vital question in the
harmonization of conflicting races and nationalities
We would merely add, that this method,
if successful, is to contribute most essentially
to the upbuilding and supporting the Hawaiian Government in its rule over sa many nationalities, now seeking homes on these Islands of the sea.
is the New Englander of
the Pacific"

"The Chinaman

"In his energy and pluck. The Chinaman of the Northern part ofthe Empire does
not emigrate. Though he is poor, he prefers
his mud hut and his asssociations, to foreign
lands; no inducements so far, have brought
him out of his home. The Southern Chinese,
living along the coast, in the vicinity of Canton, are the people who emigrate. AM who
have left are, however but a fraction of the
people in one province. California holds
75,000 of these people, Australia, perhaps,
as many more What are these numbers to
the 40,000,000 of one province alone in
South China ?
The father, while living, is the head of
the family, and the profoundest respect is
paid to him till he dies. If a Chinaman
has money, he would starve himself just as
quickly as he would allow his father to go
without support. Of the thousands of poor
"coolies" or laborers, who have gone from
China to the Hawaiian Islands, to work on
sugar plantations it eight dollars per month,
the majority remit moneyto their parents; so
s missionsry in Hong Kong told me; mucl)
of it went through his hands."— Southern

"
We issue, with this Month's Friend,
a Chinese Supplement, the first of our quarterly Supplements for '82, Our desire is to
spread before our readers s candid and fair
exhibit of the Evangelistic work now in progress among the Chinese on these Islands,
snd in their native country. The indications are unmistakable that the inhabitants
of China and those of European origin, are
to be brought into more and more intimate
This mingling cannot be avoid, and hence it is of immense importance Workman.

Plationship.

"

'

W. N. Armstrong Esq.

16

Week Of Prayer: 1882.
The Executive Committee of the Evangelical Alliance recommend the following
programma for the several days of the Annual Week of Prayer
Sunday, Jan. I,—Subject for discourse :
" Renewed Consecration."
Monday, Jan. 2.—Thanksgiving for the
blessings, temporal and spiritual, of the past
year, and prayer for their continuance.
Tuesday, Jan. 3.—Humiliation and confession on account of individual, social and
national sins.
Wednesday, Jan, 4.—Prayer for the
blessing of God on His Church and His
Word.
Thursday, Jan. 5 Prayer for (he young
and all agencies for Christian training.
PViday, Jan. 6—Prayer for the universal prevalence of peace and righteousness.
Saturday Jan. 7.— Pr.tyer for Christian
Missions, the outpouring of the Holy Spirit,
and the conversion of the world.

:

—

Mr. Hallenbeck.—Intelligence of the
Evangelist's labours have been reported at
various places on the Coast and at Cedar
Kapids in lowa. By the steamer's Mail, it
was the privilege of the Editor, to receive a
letter from him, dated in Brooklyn N. Y.
where he had safely arrived, and was spending a few days among his family friends in
his early home, to which he so frequently
referred in his addresses. From his letter
we quote as follows : '• It does my heart
good to hear that the work is still going forward in Honolulu. My prayer is that it
may go forward until it shall permeate those
Islands, and all from the least unto the greatest, have formed relationships with our Bless
ed Redeemer, and knowledge of his loving
power. God gave us the blessing last summer, which I believe was the results of the
labor of those dear old fathers and moihers
in Israel, who went to those islands many
long years ago, and carried the gospel to
that people. In all those years they have
been sowing and reaping, and last summer
He gave them a general harvest-timo and
days ofrejoicing. We have a great God
and he is able to do great things. Have
been hard at work since I left the Islands,
and shall return next week to Bacramento
and join Messrs. Whittle and McGanahan
and work with them on the Coast this winter, as I did with Messrs. Moody and Sankey last winter. I may be called to England, but 1 prefer to remain on this side.
They have more workers there than we have
here, I think of you all and pray for you ofetn, especially the young disciples."

"These from the Land of Sinim." -Isaiah 49:12.

CHINESTUPLMT O

fltto Serifs, W..n.Sfla. 1.1

FTHE RIEND.
HONOLULU. J.MItRY I, IS.N2.

1

{©ID Srrirs,

90i.1t.

population, but specially to nil such as The Importance of Evangelizing Chinese,
Who Have Left Their Own Land.
profess to be laboring for tlio EvanBY REV. SAMUEL WOLCOTT, D. D.
gelization of tboso born in n lioathen It is now about half a century since
La ! the litnil of Sinim waking !
efforts were first made for sending
land.
Touched by the rays of sncrcd light ;
Missionaries to China. At
Protestant
An Christians, professing to bo the
Qlte'riag* dross the Orient brMslnf
an early period, the importance of
followers of Ilitn who commanded,
O'ii- the darkness of her night ;
laboring among the Chinese, who had
On the terraced hill-sides resting.
"Go ye into all the world and preach loft their own land, so impressed tho
(lliincing OTxrl streams and lawn,
the gospel to every creature," we now mind of the celebrated Isaac Taylor,
Temple imil padogm cresting.
make our solemn appeal. In the of Kgland, that in his history of
Oleum the tokens of the dawn. .
Providence of God, thousands of tho " Enthusiasm," we find this paragraph:
With ancoßtrnl worship blending
portion of the Chinese popu" Thatwhich
Chinese have found their way across lation
Konnd Ihe tablet nnd the tomb,
may be termed extra
tlie broad Pacific to our shores. As mural and which in numbers, exceed
Whispers of the day impending
Briiithe their prophecy of doom
Christians, it is not to ask why they some European nations, may be conOver nltnrs nnd oblntions,
came, or who brought them hither ? sidered as tho depository of the happy
And the nil»lf,l gods of wood,
They are here,—our neighbors, living destinies ofthe empire ; for these exO'er the incense und prostrations,
are accessible to
in our families and forming a part of patriated millions
And the pagan rites of Boodh.
instruction, and if once they become to
our Island community. Their speedy
Lo ! the faith which crossed the ocean,
any considerable extent, alive to reliis an object to bo gious truth, no prohibitions ot paternal
evangelization
Hund,
Westward, with tlit» Pilgrim
Throbbing with unquenched devotion,
prayed for and labored for ! They are despotism will avail to exclude the
Westward crosses now the hind,
accessible.
Many are anxious to new religion from the mother country.
Boeky rnmpnrts swiftly soiling,
and
some have already become It is a puerile feeling that would draw
learn,
Westward o'er the world's highway of
Christian Churches and discouragement from the comparative
members
Now, the other ocenn hailing
dirninutivencss and Bmall actual reFronts the gateway of ('iithny.
Christian Schools. More will follow sults of the operations thatare carrying
theirexample, if labored with. Up to on for the imparting Christianity tothis
Onward, still, thy glorious mansion !
the present time, this work has been people. These measures ought, in
Westward to the isles nnd niniti !
Till the prophet's glowing vision
rather miscellaneous and unmethodi- philosophical justice, to be viewed as
Bursts upon the sen nnd plain,—
of an accelerating
cal, but with the sudden increase of the commencement
Henveu nnd earth their glndness voicing,
acting incessantly upon an
movement,
this portion of our Island population, inert mass, which by the very laws of
Breaking forth with loud ncclnitn
O'er the rnnsomed host rejoicing :—
tho urgent and pressing demand is, for nature, must at length receive impulse
" These from land of Sinim enme ! "
more method, more system, more enough to be carried forward in the
activity, more prayer, more honest course ofthe propelling cause."
The Time Has Come for the Evangelization missionary work. As the Rev. Dr.
If a Christian philosopher, could
reason, before even one convert
of Chinese in the Hawaiian Islands.
thus
llapper, wrote us some months ago, was secured among the 400,000.000
of
In another part of this supplement, The Chinese will swamp you unless you
that great empire, we should now go
will be found tho Keport ofthe Home ecangelize them.
forth and labor with assured zeal and
Committee of the Hawaiian Board.
As friends of the Hawaiian nation, confident of success. It any one
It has beeu submitted at a meeting of Hawaiian Government, the Church o£ desires to find encouragement to labor
the Board and approved, having been Christ, and the well-being of both, the tor the Chinese, let him carefully read
drawn up with great care by Dr. natives und tho foreigners, in the the history of English, German and
Hawaiian Islands, wo plead for the
Missionaries, who have been
Hyde. We commend it to the speedy evangelization ot the Chinese American
laboring in China, during the past
reading of all clusses of our Island among our Island population.
half century.
The Land of Sinim.

2

THE
The Bible Among the Chinese.

Extract from an Address by Rev. S.
Whitehead, a Wesleynn Missionary from
China, delivered before the Band F. Bible
Society, in London, May 4, 18SI :
" Who then can estimate the boon thatto isa
conferred when a book like this is given
country like China 7 No version of the Bible
was ever printed that opens its treasures to
so many people as the Chinese version. The
literary style is understood all over ihe empire, and in every Chinese colony. Though
the p ople of the different provinces cannot
understand each other's speech, they can
each other's writing. In this respect China
has the advantage over India, where so many
languages are einp'oyed. No other language
can convey the word of life to so large a portion of the human race, Alexander conquered the world, but it could not understand
his Greek- home laid her belt of 1,000
miles around the Mediterranean, but her empire was a Babel. England has thrown her
arms around the globe, but her Bible cannot
be read by a hundred million souls ; nor can
the French, or the German But the Chinese version is intelligible to hundreds of
millions. Happy the man and honored the
society who put the all-regenerating Bible,
the Law, the Psalms, and the Prophets the
Gospels, the Epistles, and the Apocalypse,
into a language that can reach about eighty
millions of homes, and four hundred millions
of hearts.
And what a people the Cninese are ! They
are not Hottentots or savages wandering
about red-ochred and tattooed, whose first
sight of their printed language is in the Bible
given to them by the missionary. Theyarean
ancient and ingenious people, living under
the most venerable government on earth,
with a literature nearly as old as Moses—
a people who had their poets, sages, and

FRIEND,

JANUARY.

that fills its gospels ; let its narratives charm
them, and pictured scenes delight their imagination ; attune their minds to the music
of its psalms, and engage their fancy with it
parables ; let its beatitudes nnd commandments control their life, its miracles nwe their
wonder, and its cross excite their gratitude
and win their trust, and what may not the
Chinese become?

What nation may they

What limit can be put to their
power and progress ? And among no people
has the failure of every other system been so
signal as among the Chinese. It might seem
as if God had isolated them from the rest of
the race for many centuries just to see
whether human nature has in it any recuperative power, whether man apart from God
—can devise any system, social, political, or
moral, sufficient for the suppression of vice,
the exaltation of virtue, and the promotion of
happiness. And certainly they have not
been wanting in expedients. They have had
three great national systems in full operation
two of them for twenty-live centuies nnd
the other for twenty. These systems " occupy the three corners of a triangle—the moral, the metaphysical, and the material.''
They appeal to the three chief faculties of
the soul, the wi'l, ihe sensibility, and the intellect; nnd they unite in ignoring God
They have had ample facility for developing
every possible potentiality they may have
hud for elevating the people. They have
had a wide field, length of days, freedom
from outside interference—they have basked
in the smiles ofthe government, and enjoyed wealth and patronage. They hnve had
not rival?

-

—

every possible advantage, and what is the
result? It is an empire more corrupt and
degraded than they found it. Notwithstanding any good influence they may have exerted, the nation has sunk under their aegis into deeper darkness and fouler immorality—
a most convincing proof that man-made systems, however plausible, can never regenerphilosophers centuries before English history ate human nature and raise the race."
began, and who are trained in many of the
arts of civilized life. They may justly be
"China is moving."
described as a keen, inquisitive, nnd reading
people, with mental capacity for almost any" China is moving. She is moving in the
of progress, knowledge, and civilization.
and
path
thing. And their patience, perseverance,
is
of movement may be slow, much
There
a
beautiThe
rate
industry are proverbial.
slower
than
her truest friends desire ; but the
ilwhich
ful story of a Chinese peasant boy,
was
to
is
their
character.
He
unable
fact
beyond
dispute.
lustrates
resolved
to
study
by
night,
and
illustration
by
day,
study
■'A single
will show this For
and not being able to buy a lamp, he carried the first time in the world's history ihe Chihome each night a glowworm to apply to his nese flag has lately been seen in the middle
book. Give such men Jesus, and let them ofthe Pacific. That one fact viewed in the
apply their glowworm to the Bible, and what light of the past, is in some respects more
a people! Make them familiar with the pregnant and suggestive than any which has
grand old patriarchs of Scripture and its in- occurred in connection with this Empire.
pired prophets ; let them know its apostles That the nation which but the other day was
and learn to adore the majesty and love the content to conduct its commerce by means
goodness of that high and heavenly figure of the old-fashioned junk, which.rarely yen-

1882.
tured very far from the shore, should send a
and thus enter
into competition with foreigners on what
might almost be called their own element,
is really an important historical fact.
•' But a few years ago China prohibited
emigration, while other lands were seeking
the services of the industrious Chinaman,
and in a wav maintaining their right to leave
their nntive land. Today those same countries are exerting themselves to repel the influx of the yellow race, while China is defending their right to foreign residence and
good treatment.
In nearly ull the courts of the civilized
world there are representatives of China. Instead of being a feeble power tottering to ruin, and likely to fall a prey to any adventurer, she has shown her ability to crush out
the most serious rebellions; and when a
Western empire, taking advantage of a temporary wenkness, annexed one of her distant
provinces, her diplomacy—which, indeed, has
rarely failed her—enabled her to obtain its
restoration. ltiste»d of being looked upon
with contempt as a military power, as a
country which a single regiment of skilled
soldiers might overrun and hold in subjection, she has come to be considered as a factor not only in Asiatic, but in European,
politics; and it woud seem that more than
one ofthe most powerlul nations of Europe
were now courting her as a possibla all v in
some future momentous siruggle. Her long
sea-coasts and rivers are buoyed and lighted;
some of her coal-mines are being worked under the superintendence of foreign engineers;
a short telegraph-line is in successful operation ; a company of nat've merchants own
one of the largest fleets of steamers in the
world : and nmny mill ons of the natives are
clothed with the produce of foreign manufac-

steimer Hcross the Pacific,

*

tures.

" We need not pursue the comparison further ; for we have, we think, mentioned sufficient to show that China is progressing, that
she occupies a very different position to-day
to what she did only a few ye»rs ago, and
that there are indications of still greater
changes in the not distant future. That foreign improvements and inventions should not
be adopted more readily is to many a matter
of disappointment and vexation; but it should
not be forgotten that national evolution is a
slow process China has been (or some years,
and is now, serving a kind of apprenticeship
to true civilization, and the knowledge which
she is acquiring in various ways she will one
day npply to her advantage. The young
Chinese who are being trained in foreign
systems, whether at home or abroad, and who
in time will fill official positioas; the thousands who emigrate to foreign countries and
return to live in their fatherland : the increasing number of Chinese who are becoming
familiar in China with Western modes oflife
and government; in fact all ways by which
East and West are virtually brought into
closer contact, must cause the general, if
gradual, adoption of Western ideas ; and the
adoption of Western ideas means individual
liberty, national safety, and increased comfort and prosperity."*'/(flw<7/fo« Courier.

rRI E | I*,

IA \ 1 AX V

.

1882.

3

THE
Chinese Viceroy on Opium.
The Secretary of the English Society for
the Suppression of the Opium Trade has received a letter from the eminent Chinese
official, Governor-General Li Hung-Chang.
who is regarded by many as the ablest and
most influential man in China, in which he
says :

"Opium is a subject in the discussion of
which England and China can never meet
on common ground. China views the whole
queston from a moral stand-point; England
from a fiscal. England would sustain a
source of revenue in India, while China contends for the lives and prosperity of her people. The ruling motive with China is to
repress opium by heavy taxation everywhere
whereas with England the manifest object
is to make opium cheaper, and thus increase
and stimulate the demand in China. 1 may
take the opportunity to assert here, once for
all, that the single aim of my government
in taxing opium will be, in the future. »sit
has always been in the past, to repress the
traffic—never the desire to gain revenue
from such a source Having failed to kill a
serpent, who would be so rash as to nurse
it in his bosom ? If it be thought that China
countenances the import for the revenue it
brings, it should be known that my government will gladly cut offall such revenue in
order to stop the import of opium. My
sovereign has never desired his empire to
thrive upon the lives or infirmities of his
subjecis. * * * My government will
take effective measures to enforce the laws
against the cultivation of the poppy in
China, and otherwise check the use of
opium ; nnd / earnestly hope that your
Society and all right-minded men of your
.country will support the efforts China is
now making to escape from, the thraldom
of opium. I am. sir your obedient servant,

Li

Hung-Chang."

To the renovation of the Chinese people,
the'' most formidable obstacle is the use of
opium, a vice ol recent growth, for the prev-

alence of which they have to thank the unscrupulous cupidity of Christian nations. It
undermines the physical system, impairs ihe

mental faculties, and smites the moral nature with a kind of paralysis. It impoverishes the individual and the public, and
hangs as a dead weight on the prosperity of
the State. A litile cloud at the commencement of the present century, it has expanded
with alarming rapidity, until it casts heavy
shadows over the prospect of the future and
on the hearts of the well-wishers of China.
It threatens to sap the vigor of the Chinese
race—a race that has seen the Egyptians and
Assyrians laid in their graves, aud continued
to our own day with unimpaired vitality,
sending forth fresh swarms from the old hive
to colonize the steppes of Tartary and the
islands of the sea, and to compete with European immigration on our own Pacific
coast."— The Chinese, by W. P. A. Mur-

Testimony in Favor of the Chinese.
The following paragraph appeared originally in the ''Springfield Kepublican :"
"It is now more than 13 years since 1 first
met the Chinese in their own country. I
have had much to do with them during all
this time in the capacity of a customs officer
of the Chinese government, I have met
them as officials, as merchints, as artisans,
servants, and my knowledge of them in
one instance has verified my experience of
them in every instance. Ido not hesitate
to say that they are pre-eminent among Asiatics for frugality, enterprise nnd indomitable energy. In his family the Chinaman is
in his best element; he is passionately fond
of his children, and the worship he pays his
ancestors and the reverence he has for his
parents are material out of which it is possible to make a good and loyal citizen. As
servants they have no superiors. They are
faithful and willing. But they are essentially colonist, and will make a home in any
country where they are well treated.
as

Ernest T. Hollwill.
The First Christian Chinese Martyr.
Some years ago a Bible was given by a
missionary to a literary man, a batchelor of
arts, who looked into it from curiosity, but
soon put it nside. Hearing some time afterwards of the progress the gospel was making,
he was led to take up his book again, and
such was the light that dawned upon his
soul that he went to a native catechist for
instruction. It cost him a struggle to break
with the p,st, to let go all he had reverenced
from childhood, to give up Confucius for
Christ; but he did it. He sacrificed everything for Christ—wife, child, literary fame,
money, and friends, and he is now the
native principal of a theological college.
Another man—a Confucian temple keeper,
named Ch'e—at the city of Poklo, on the
Canton East River, received the Scriptures
from a colporteur of the London Mission,
became convinced ol the folly of idolatry,
and was biptized by Dr. Legge. He gave
up his oiling, and set to work among his
acquaintances and friends ns a self-appointed
Scripture reader. He would go through the
streets of the city and the country round
with a board on his back containing 'some
text of Scripture. So successful was he
that in about three years' time about one
hundred of the people were baptized. And
so mightily grew the word of God and prevailed that surprise and hostility were
excited, and a fierce persecution broke out.
The Christians were driven from their villages, and their properly was plundered.
Ch'e, the colporteur, was seized, and twice
within rjrty-cight hours dragged before the

Literati, and called upon to recant. This
he steadfastly refused to do. He was therefore tortured by being suspended by the arms
during the night. The next morning he
was brought forward in an enfeebled state,
pale nnd trembling, for a second trial. The
officials and mandarins were cowed into submission by the gentry ; but this brave old
man was still firm in his resolve to cleave to
the Bible and Christ, and expressed a hope
that his judges would some day embrace
the new doctrine. This was more than they
could tolerate, and, like the judges of
Stephen, they ran upon him with one accord
and killed him on the spot by repeated
blows of their side arms, and threw him into
the river. Thus perished the first Protestant
Christian martyr of China.—Rev. S. White-

head.

Confluecf
Confucius.

We copy the following, from a Lecture of
R. K. Douglas, Professor of King's College,
London, on the Language and Literature of
China :
As has been well observed by Wells Willi ims, " If Confucius had transmitted to posterity such works as the Iliad, the Dc Of
ficiis, or tho Diologues of Plato, he would
no doubt have taken a higher rank among
the commanding intellects ofthe world ; but
it may be reasonably doubted whether his
influence among his own countrymen would
hive been as good or ns 'asting. The variety and minuteness of his instructions lor
the nurture and education of children, the
stress he lays upon fih'il duty, th* detail of
etiquette and conduct he gives for the intercourse of all classes and ranks in society,
characterize his writings from those of Ml
philosophers in other countries, who, comparatively speaking, gave small thought to
the educaton ofthe young. The Four
Books" and the •• Five Classics" would not,
as far as regards their intrinsic character in
comparison with other productions, be considered anything more than curiosities in literature, for their antiquity and language, were
it not for the incomparable influence they
have exerted over so many millions of
minds."

'

"Every minister of Christ should seek to
bring out of this spiritual torpor such of his
people M have fallen into it. Let the plain
truth be brought home to every conscience,
pungently and repeatedly, that one cannot
be Christ's and yet not be like him ; he cannot love the Savior's person and be indifferent to the coming of his kingdom. He who
h»s no earnest wish and makes no self-sacrificing endeavor that the gospel of God's grace
may be preached to ail men, lives in a different atmosphere from that which our Redeemer breathed. For, as David Livingstone said, " The spirit of Missions is the
spirit of our Master; the very genius of his
religion." How can one who has not this
spirit regard himself as a disciple of Christ ?
Missionary Herald,Oci. 18S1.

—

THE
4
THE FRIEND,
JANUARY I. 1882

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
ON

MISSIONS!

HOME

PRESENTED SEC. Ist, 1881.
The time has evidently come when
the work of Chistianizing the Chinese
population of these Islands must claim
more than hitherto, the attention, activity, sympathy and generosity of
Christ's people. What efforts have
been made in this direction, have been
hitherto mainly tentative and desultory.
Since the year 1830 there have heen
Chinamen on thse islands, at first, only
straggling individuals scattered here
and there.
In 1852, the first Chinese laborers.
98 in number, were imported into the
Hawaiian Islands, by the bark Thetis,
from Amoy, arrived August 2, The
continued diminution of the native
population, and their inaptitude for the
strain of continuous toil, as well as the
need of a large number of laborers for
larger enterprises than hud been previously undertaken, were the controlling retasons then as now, for opening
these Islands to the countless millions
of Chinese. The Census Tables show
the suddenness and recentness of the
increase of that element of our population.
the last census in 1878, the
itom House Tables show that in
Chinese'were added, in
9,

Kince

*

*

Census Tables.

ALL THE ISLANDS.

i

(-,

1,2011
2,938

1,916

!

ta.

|s

j

o

*3

a
>

110 1.090
191 11
107 1.831 871 17
291 6,695 1,698 | 05

MOL. AMD LAS.

3■
I

1873
IK7X

5
K4

1879
1800
1881

9,506

3,074

|

3B aa

■

275 IT

239
894

h
180
354

405

■

a«

Dep

317
628
650

1

C

■21

1,663 1.930 ■

VJi
I.

I

3

3o

f

497 S3 466 3s«
917 47 870 340
2,216 lis 1,097 858

Custom He
Ar.
9,810

I

IAI11

Male.

IKOrl

a

■
■

m

1

h

90
19
13
9

906
918
849

SK TA] ILE8.
Add
3,491 lof tl
1,877 (140 1females.
1,518

6,888

FRIEND,

JANUARY,

1880, 1,877, in 1881, (9 mos.) 1,518,
in 3 years 6,888. The present number
of Chinese, according to the figures, is
12,804, out of a total (estimated) population of 66,895. According to the
census of 1878, there were, on Oahu
2,216 Chinese; Hawaii, 1,698; Maui,
1,990; Kauai, 859; Molokai and Lanai,

1882.
who have pledged themselves to supply what may be lacking of the salary

*

promised.
A Chinese Young Men's Christian
Association was organized in 1877, and
duly chartered, according to law, Nov.
13,1877, under the name of You
Hawk Jiliu Taw Hue." It has now
84,
a membership of 131, not all residents
Of these, there are, according to the of Honolulu. It occupies the premises
computation of the Acting Pastor of No. 96 Nuuanu street. The upper
Honolulu, a total on all the Islands, of front room is a Social Hall, with pic286 Church members. Yet these few tures, tables, chairs, books, &c. The
constitute an element whose influence lower room is a crockery store, manis vigorous, healthy, and strongly felt aged by the Association, and the profall through the Kingdom. In Hono- its spent in various ways in promoting
lulu, a Chinese Church was duly or- Evangelistic work among the Chinese.
ganized by a Council convened June The rear building is a ware-house and
8, 1879, 33 joining by letter, and 6 by lodging-house. The Association has a
profession. It now numbers 61, (Nov. regular monthly meeting for business,
1881). Stimulated by a generous do- besides maintaining its own devotionnation from J. T. Wuterhouse, Esq., al meetings, Sunday noon and evening,
the work of building a chapel was un- immediately after the Church services.
dertaken, and a lot purchased. A beau- It is to these meetings that they bring
tiful ami commodious house of worship their countrymen, and try to lead them
was dedicated Jan 2, 1881. -It is 60 to the acceptance of Jesus Christ as
feet long, 30 feet wide, with social the only Divine Redeemer for sinful
rooms below, and a large audience men. This Association not oijly helps
room above. The total cost was about in tho support of Sit Moon, but aids
$12,250, the lot alone costing $4,700, and stimulates the feeble bands of
the builder's work $6,550, furnishing Christian Chinese located lit different
ami other expenses $1,000. Of this points on the other islands.
amount, $5,500 has been paid by the
It is evident that the Christian ChiChinese themselves, $1,800 were rais- nese are ready and active in doing
ed at a Fair organized by u few ladies, their part in maintaining Christian orthe balance has been given by our cit- dinances and Christian institutions
izens generally.
among their countrymen. Nor have
There is a regular Sunday Congrega- Christian people in our own communiuumindful of their special retion of 140; a Sunday School in Chi- ties been
sponsibilities
in reference to the work
nese, every Sunday morning, with an
evangelizing
the Chinese.
attendance of 50; 1, in English, Sunday of
The Christian families into whose
afternoon of 90 pupils, and 40 teachers.
service there cumesomo of these ChiA Wednesday evening prayer meeting
nese a score and more of years ago, ditl
is regularly maintained with an attendwhat they could to instruct them in
ance of 70. A Choir of 20 lead the
and to make known to them
English
Sunday Services, and there are large
of life through Jesus Christ.
the
way
reed organs in both upper and lower
One
of
these
early converts united with
rooms, which Chinese men and wothe
Fort
Street
Church. Ten united
men have learned to play. The conChurch; for from the
with
the
Bethel
gregation can sing nearly 70 different
tunes. The hymn book used, is one very first Rev. Dr. Damon has taken
published by the Presbyterian Mission special interest in the social and reliin Shanghae. The Church has pledg- gious welfare of the Chinese. A
ed Sit Moon the acting pastor, a salary school for teaching English was openaddition to the Christianeleof $480, though the Church members • The greaterpart of thehas
come from those trained
ment among the Chinese,
Wo owe much to
are with two or three exceptions very under the Rhenish and Baale Missions.especially
Rev. R.
the Interest which the Missionaries,
immigrants. Butthey
poor, mostly day laborers, and cannot Lechler have takeniuthe Chinese
are mostly of the laboring class, and mostly Hakkah peoraise more than $300 themselves. The ple, between whom and
the Cantonese there Is the same
want of sympathy, as between the Irish and English, and
rest is paid by a few Christian friends, this is a great obstacle to full success.

••

KKIKNI),

JANUARY,

1882.

5

THE
Ed at the Bethel under Mr. Dunscombe, from 1870 to 1880,248 Chinese
received instruction in English three
evenings in every week. The board
of Education, on application from Dr.
Damon, granted in 1869, $200 annually, in aid of the school, increased in
1879, to $300. In January, 1880, the
Board of Education engaged Miss Payson as an English teacher in the Chinese School, held in the lower room of
the Chinese Church. The school was
begun in September, 1880, by the
Chineee Y. M. C. A., who s«nt to California for a Chinese teacher. He was
not able to speak English, but taught
the children to read Chinese. He retured to China, and another teacher
was found in Honolulu. He teaches
Chinese in the mornings, and in the
afternoon Miss Paysou teaches English.
The school opened with 17 scholars.
There are now 39. Miss Payson was
formerly connected with the Mission
of the A. B. C. F. M. in Foochow,
China. She came to Honolulu, through
the kind agency of the American
Board, who recommended her to usand
paid her travelling expenses. Miss
Payson has also an evening class of
Chinese young men studying English.
The Honolulu Y. M. C. A., by advice of Rev. Dr. Damon, took up Evangelistic work among the Chinese as a
department ot their Christian work.
A Sunday school for teaching English,
and so affording an opportune to
teach Christian truths, was opened in
the vestry of Fort Street Church, the
first Suuday afternoon in January,
1872. J. B. Atherton Esq., acted as
Snperintendant, assisted by a corps of
volunteer teachers, one for every two
or three scholars. It was suspended
during a greater part of 1880, but was
resumed again in the Chinese Church
in January, 1881. On the return of
Mr. Frank Damon to the Islands, he
has interested himself in this enterprise and secured additional teachers
as well as a large increase in the number of scholars. It was through the
efforts of the Y. M. C. A. that Sit
Moon was secured to act as colporteur
among the Chinese. He came from
California at the recommendation of
Dr. A. W. Loomis, and began his labors May 16, 1875. When Sit Moon
returned to Chiua in 1878, to briug

back a wife, his place was supplied by
Sat Fan, who had been several years
under the instruction of the Rhenish
Mission, but had come to the Islands
as a contract laborer. Through the
agency of the Chinese Committee of
the Y. M. C. A. Sat Tan was sent to
Maui, to act as colporteur on that Isand; Wong E was sent to Hilo; and
Ho Ah Pui to Kauai. None of these are
now in this service, for good and sufficient reasons that need not now be
detailed. Ho Ah Pui at present is engaged as the Y. M. C. A. colporteur
for Honolulu and Oahu, and is proving also an excellent teacher of Chinese (Canton dialect) for Mr. Damon.
The direct participation of the Hawaiian Board in the work of Chinese
Evangelization has been mainly in appropriating from time to time special
grants in aid, as individuals, or the Y.
lit C. A. made application tor such aid
from the Board. In 1869 the Board
made a grant of $200 to the school established by S. P. Ahiong, and afterwards conducted by Mr. Dunscombe.
For nearly two years, 1869, 1870, the
Board employed S. P. Aheong, or
Ahiona, as a colporteur among the
Chinese on the various Islands, paying
him an annual salary of $800. He was
previously a storekeeper in Lithiiina,
but had, under the teaching of Miss
Mary Green, renounced heathenism,
and taken up Christian life and duty.
Rev. C. B. Andrews recommended
him to the Board, and on receiving
his appointment as the Board's colporteur, he gave up his business and devoted himself to the Evangelization of
his countrymen. He left the Islands

May 26, 1870, expecting to spend a
year in China, and then return. But
he never came back. He died in China, and his widow, a Hawaiian woman,
returned in 1880, and now has her
home again on Maui. The colporteurs
on Maui and Kauai received each $100
annually from the Board, the Christian
communities on those Islands paying
the remainder of their salaries, $300
each annually. The foreigu Church,
at Hilo, has supported a Chinese colporteur for two years. The Kohala
and Pahala plantations have each a
Chinese teacher and preacher, in their
employ, enrolled on the books of the
company and receiving regular month-

28 Chinese have united
with tho Hawaiian Church in Kohala,
on profession oftheir faith, during the
last four years.

ly wages.

It is evident from this historical
statement that the work of evangelizing the Chinese population of these Islands has not been neglected, yet neither has it been thoroughly systematized and as earnestly pushed as is practicable and desirable. The Chinese population has more than doubled in the
last three years. The Honolulu Y.
M. C. A. find their sympathies and efforts called out more in the direction
of labor for the welfare of young men
now coming in such numbers, to seek
employment, and a home in these Islands. This Board has, by vote, several times placed on record the declaration of its readiness to do whatever
is needful and expedient in caring for
this large and important element ofour
population. It was under the direction of the Advisory Committee appointed by this Board, Feb. 4, 1879,
that the Chinese Church was organized. Repeated efforts have been
made through correspondence with Dr.
Happer, of Canton, and others, and by
personal solicitation to secure some one
competent to take chargo of this wid«
and open field of Christian labor, but
hitherto with no success. In the good
Providence of God, just ut this juncture, we have lately welcomed home
the son of one of our own members.
Mr. F. W. Damon lies returned after
five years' absence, to the land of his
birth. He comes with all the high
powers God bus given him, developed
and perfected in the disciplineof school
and court and travel, after years of the
best culture that modern society can
give. He comes ready to consecrate
all to the service of the Divine Redeemer in laboring for the elevation
and Christianization of the Chinese
whom God's Providence has recently
brought in such numbers to these Islands. This Board has invited him to
take charge of this department of
Christian work in behalf of our
Churches and for the furtherance of
Christ's Kingdom in this world, and
he has consented to do so. It now only remains to take suitable action for
the proper organization and maiutaiuance of this department.

6

THE

Your Committee think it unwise to
impose auy additional pecuniary obligation upon our enfeebled Hawaiian
Churches. This Board was originally
established for them inageutent of the
Missionary work undertaken by Hawaiian Christians. The following statistical table will show what changes
have occurred in the relative ability ot
Hawaiian Churches and the foreign
residents:
lßfr,
iBc„'i
isr,«
iwn
1864
Tot. Cont. $3.51W.5i5 $3,287.57 $5,757.72 $8,979.81 $0,u87.49
323-92
54«.82
390.15
582.83
For. Kes.
194-01
1870
1871
1872
187J
1869
Tot. Cont. 9.483.J1 10,18(>..54 0.731.58 11.009.09 10.819.93
For. Rss.
1,347 81 1,331i.H 2.116.27 97U.20 2.(r78.70
1873
1K76
1377
IH7B
1874
Tot. Cont.
5,834.59 10,237 1(1 4.KCW.26 4.973.83 5 993.24
For. Bea.
880.95 019.59 1,240.25 MM 1,792.40
1879
1380
1881
Tot. Cont. »6,480.91
$s,o<X>.n(l
$5,2110.30
941.11
For. Hea.
1.908.81
1,210.25

Since 1872 tho Hawaiian contributions have fallen your by year. Tho
foreign residents, that first gave one
fifteenth, now give one fifth of the total amount.
Yet it must be remembered also that
there are at present many and pressing
calls on the Christian liberality ofthis
community. Oahu College needs at
least $50,000 for proper enlargement.
The Y. M. C. A. building fund has already secured subscriptions to the
amount of $12,000, and will require
$15,000, besides a large annual outlay.
The Honolulu Library Association
wishes to pit up a building as soon as
$12,000 can be secured.
As an indication of the readiness of
the Chinese to welcome Christian effort for their enlightenment in Christian truth, it is worthy of mention that
at the little Hawaiian Chapel in Palama, a suburb of Honolulu, twenty-four
Chinamen came in to hear the Chinese
colporteur pi each to them. There are
sixty Chinese in the prion, and twenty
in the hospital, who are regularly visited by the colporteur every Sunday.
Nor must wo forget that while this
work of Christianizing the Chinese
resident on these Islands has grown
into great importance, and is intimately connected with the future prosperity
of tho Hawaiian Kingdom, the reflex
influenco of our work here on the people of China, is also becoming a matter
When there
of great importance.
bo
direct
and
frequent inshall
more
tercourse betweeu Honolulu and Hong
Kong, we shall hear even more frequently than we now do, of the influ-

FRIEND.

JANUARY.

here, ou Missionary
work in China.
Iv view of the facts now presented,
your Committee would recommend the
adoption ofthe following resolutions:
Ist. That a special effort bo made
to secure at least, $2,000 annually, to
be spent under the direction of this
Board, for this department of Christian
Evangelization; that tho A. B. C. F.
M. be asked to assist in th's work by
a grant in aid, of $1,000 annually; and
that at least $1,000 be raised among the
foreign residents cooperating with this
Board; to bo expended as follows, v"z:
$300 for the salary of a Chinese colporteur for Honolulu and Oahu; $500
for travelling and incidental expenses:
$1,200 for the salary of Mr. F. W. Damon, who is to have charge of this
whole work, under tho direction ot the
Home Committee of the Board.
2d. That effort be made at once to
secure three Chinese colporteurs for
Hilo, Makawao and Kauai, respectively, to be supported by those communities, aided if needed, by special
grants from this Board.
3d. That the Christian Chinese in
Kohala, Hilo and Makawao, be encouraged and urged as soonas possible
to organize, in each of thoso districts,
a Church, with a pastor and house of
worship of their own.
4th. That Chinese young men of
suitable gifts be sought out and put in
training tor Evangelistic work among
their countrymen.
sth. That a copy of this Report be
sent to the A. B. C. F. M., with a request for their approval, and aid, as
above suggested, and a Commission
from them for Mr. F. W. Damon as a
teacher for the Chinese students in the
North Pacific Missionary Inssitute.
Respectfully submitted.
C. M. HYDE.
S. C. DAMON.
11. WATERIIOUSE.
J. M. NAUKANA.
ence of our work

18 82.
£inperor,and ofthe Msnchns who conquered
China in 1664. 3. Colonial Possessions:
Mongolia, Hi, Koko-nor and Thibet.
11. This empire comprises one-third of
Asia and one-tenth of ihe habitable globe.
It is exceeded only by the Russian Empire
with 7 745,000 square miles, nnd the
British Empire with 6,590,000 square miles ;
having itself 5,300,000 square miles. It is
one-third larger than all Europe. You can
lay ihe United States upon it, Alaska included, and have room round the margin for
half a dozen ofUreit Britain and Ireland.
111. China lies on the southeastern slope
of Asia. It is walled in from the remainder
of the continent by gigantic chains of mountains having some of the loftiest peaks on
the globe.

IV. It equals this country in variety of
navigable streams, fertile soil and
mineral productions. Besides, it has the
tea-plant and the silk worm.
Y. China has nt least 400 canals, equal
to all the rest of the world. Some of them
are 2,000 years old ; the longest was dug
600 years ago and is twice the length ofthe
Erie Canal. That Titantic work of defense,
climate,

the Chinese Wall, was built more than 100
to 30 feet high, 15 feet
broad, and 1,500 miles long, and represents
more human labor than any other structure
on the globe.
VI. China is the oldest nation in the
world ; 2,000 years before Christ it hid an
elective monarchy. The names and dates
of 53 monarchs before Romulus founded
Rome are extant. '• Its authentic annals reach
back beyond Abraham. It w.is substantially
what it is now—and what it had been for
3,000 years—when the shores of Britain
echoed the first war cry of our invading barbaric fathers.''

B. C. ; it is 20

REASONS WHY

CHINA. HAS

SPECIAL

CLAIMS

UPON US.

1. Its proximity. Among the great
Christian Powers, we are China's nearest
neighbors. Tne western shares of the
United St tes look off to the eastern slope
of .Asia, with only the free, broad highway
of the Pacific between. The natural conditions are favorable to the closest intimacy of
trade and moral influences.
2. Its friendly feeling. When the
four powers, England, France, Russia and
the United States, joined to open China,

REMARKS UPON CHINA.
ours was the least offensive in the demonJ. Humphrey, D. D. of Chicago. stration. Many in high authority in China
We copy the following interesting Paper, simply and intensely hate England for
prepared for the Advance, and which ap- forcing upon them the opium trade, a trade
peared a few weeks ago in that paper:
as demoralizing to them, as the liquor trade
is to us. Our diplomatic service has been
I. China has a threefold division :
1. China Proper: the eighteen provinces. on the whole more acceptable to China than
2. Manchuria the country of the reigning that of any other nation. This was preBy Rev. S.

:

FRIEND,

J\ N

111 R¥,

1885.

7

Til

4. The, character of the people. China
eminently so in the case of our Minister,
Hon. Anson Burlingame. After six years is the most civilized of the pagan nations.
Races, like empires, decay. But the Chinese
there China offered to h'S acceptance honors
never before or since conferred on a foreigner. are still a vigorous people. They are the
She made him her Ambassador to all the j great colonizers of the East, and are pushing
east and southeast by thousands and tens of
Western people. And through him her
thousands
into the islands of the Pacific
world,
with
the
outside
treaties were made
j
and
west
into Manchuria, Mongolia and
the
of
the
United
States
Emperor
It was to
the Middle Kingdom first uttered the word Thibet. They will ultimately become the
for which the world had waited four thousand dominant race in all these vast countries.
years: China reckons herself one in the 5. The religions of China. The relibrotherhood of the nations, and desires to be gions of China reach back into an obscure
at pence with all men. In spite of the antiquity. Confucius the great moral light
senseless and shameful treatment of the of the empire, born 552 B. C. set himself to
Chinese on our shores, the new treaty with revive a religion which, a thousand years
us, negotiated by President Angell and before, was itself a revival of a religion
others, shows that the friendly feeling still which had fallen into decay 2000 B C. He
exists. The fivorable condition opens a was rather a moralist than a religious
wide door for American Cnristianity. Snail teacher. His work makes almost no menwe not enter in with all the forces we can tion of a personal Cod, or of man's duty to a
Supreme Being. A philosopher, Lao-Tze,
command ?
living about the same time, supplied the
3. Its immense population. China
supernatural or superstitious element, and
contains more than one-quarter of the popu- Buddhism, introduced in til A. D., attemptlation of the globe. The Chinese Ambassa- ed to answer questions concerning life,
dor at Pans places the number at 400,000,- death, and, above
all. human suffering. But
--000. But who can make realize to himself
like Confucius, it had nothing to say of God
the vastness of this number! Eight times as or
redemption. The great mass of the
many peop c as in the United States ! one- Chinese adhere to all three of these religions.
third more than in all the countries of But greater than these together is the worEurope combined ! Every fourth man of the ship of ancestors. Thus they are indeed a
human race wears a tunic and a cue. Every
people '■ having no hope and without God in
fourth woman is born to a heritage of such the world." It is said they spend $200,
sorrow and degradation that it is said to be 000,000
annually for idolatry. Nine-tenths
the chief burden of her prayer in the Budof the Chinese have never even heard of the
dhist temple lint in the next state of exiscentral truths of Christianity.
tence she be born, a man, ! This immense
0. Missions to the Chinese. —Tradition
mass of people, by the mere force of its num"
says that the Apostle Thomas first introbers, may yet become a very important, posduced Christianity into China. With what
sibly a disturbing, factor in the world's life. result there is no certain account. In 635

first'

At some point in the past the growth of
Chinese civilization ceased. Shut up in an
impenetrable seclusion she has for centuries
simply " stood in her tracks marking time "
But " the two-leaved gates'' are at last
opened. The prodigious forces of modern
progress are pressing in upon every side.
In spite of herself even, China has again
taken up her march, and is beginning to keep
step with the mighty movements of the
Christian world.
These great populations lie together.
They are a closely compacted mass. Whatever stirs one part is likely to stir all parts.
And when you move China you move oneiof the human race. Not only, then,
uniless millions of human souls, bound
ius to the judgment, its probable place
jreat power in the generations yet to be,
ts possible rapid conquest when once
york is well begun, demand that we
d do our utmost to cast into their dead
:s the living, omnipotent forces of
i grace.

A. D. several Ncstorian missionaries ,were
received with favor by the Emperor and the
new religion flourished two and a half centuries, as attested by a remarkable monument still existing in the Province of Shensi.
It then became lost in the surrounding
heathenism. The Papal Church has had a
varying success in China several centuries.
The work has had a considerable breadth,
but the depth of it may be inferred from the
fact that in a single district, during the
prevalence of famine, 30,000 were baptized
at one time, without previous instruction, in
return for food.
Robert Morrison, of the London Missionary Society, went as the first Protestant
missionary to China, in ISO7. He baptized
his first convert secr.uly, at a spring from a
hillside by the sea, in 1814. In 1818 Morrison and Milne published the entire Bible
in Chinese, a work which the Roman
Catholics have never done, after an occupancy of hundreds of years, and with many
thousands of converts, as they claim.

In

1840 there were only three native

Christians in connection with Protestant
missions ; now there are 20,000. The increase Inst year was more than. ever.
Should the same ratio be kept up for twenty
years, the number of Christians would be
2.000,000.
There are 310 missionaries in China, of
whom 60 are ladies, besides 80 ordained
native preachers, and several hundred other
workers.
In eight of the eighteen provinces there
are no resident missionaries. Taken as a
whole, China has one ordained missionary,
native and foreign, for every section four
times the size ol Massachusetts.
The American Board has two missions in
China, the Foo Chow and the North China
Missions. Connected with them are nineteen ordained missionaries ; two physicians ;
thirty-one lady missionaries; twenty-six
native Dreachers and pastors, and thirty-nine
other Christian workers, a total of 117. The
gain in the membership of the native
churches of the American Board during the
last year was thirty-three nnd a third per
cent.

A Great People Misunderstood.

" Never have a great people been more
misunderstood. They are denounced as
stolid, because we are not in possession of a

medium sufficiently transparent to convey
our ideas to them or transmit theirs to us ;
and stigmatised as barbarians, because we
want the breadth to comprehend a civilization different from our own. They are represented as servile imitators, though they
have borrowed less than any other people;
as destitute of the inventive faculty, though
the world is indebted to them for a long catalogue of the most useful discoveries ; and
as clinging with unquestioning tenacity to a
heritage of traditions, though they have passed through many and profound changes in
the course of their history.
They have not been stationary, as generally supposed, through the long period of
their national life. The national mind has
advanced from age to age with a stately
march; not indeed, always in a direct course,
but at each of its great epochs recording, as
ws think, a decided gain ; like the dawn of
an arctic morning, in which the first blush of
the eastern sky disappears for many hours,
only to be succeeded by a brighter glow,
growing brighter yet after each interval of
darkness as the time of sunrise approaches.
The existence in such a country of such a
thing as a national mind is itself an evidence
of a susceptibility to change, and at the same
time a guarantee for the comparative stability of its institutions. It proves that China
is not an immense congeries of polyps, each
encased in his narrow coll, a workshop and a
tomb, and ail toiling on without the stimulus of common sympathy or mental reaction.
It proves that China is not, like Africa and
aboriginal America, or even like British India, an assemblage of tribes with little or no
community of feeling. It is a unit, and
and through all its members there sweeps
the mighty tide of a common life-"— The
Chinese, by W. A. P. Martin.

8

TII X

AMERICAN MINISTER ANGELL'S
LETTER.
On Chinese Scholarship.
In the Monthly Bulletin, published by
the " Students' Christian Associntion of
Michigan University, we find the following
most interesting letter, written by President
Anpell, while U. S. Mininter, nt the Imperii)! Court of China. Peking;

"

Peking, April 16th, 1881.
To the Student* (Jhrixt'ntii, Asxocwtiou :
My Dear Friends: I believe that no
Sunday passes in which I do not think of
your pleasant morning meeting. I have
been rejoiced to hear that the year is going
so prospeious'y with you. 1 have often
thought I would take the liberty of writing
you, and now a request 1 have received from
Mr. J. encourages me to execute my purpose.
His intimation that some word from me on
the subject of missions might not be uninteresting to you prompts me to offer the
results of my observation here upon one
point, namely, the belief more or less prevalent in the churches and among Christian
students that large talent and eminent
scholarship are superfluous in the work of
Foreign Missions, that the foreign field does
not furnish scope for distinguished ability

FRIEND,

JANUARY.

men literally count for nothing in shaping
public opinion upon any subject except in.
moving the tyranny of some provincial
officer. But China can never be called in
any just sense Christian, until a fair proportion of these scholars espouse Christianity.
Now in learning these scholars have a
great pride, in admiration of their own
classics and of their proficiency in them an
almost Pharisaic pride. These classics furnish for them their instruction in religion,
philosophy, moral and practical life.
From childhood they learn them by heart.
It is in the style of the classics that they
must write. The finest essay is that which
most artfully dovetails together fine sentences

nnd phrnses from those venerable books.
Though the well established reputation of a
foreigner of a Western scholarship may find
a certain recognition among them, yet they
regard the Chinese classical learning ns so
far superior to all other learning that, whatever other attainments a foreigner has. he
must be familiar with the Chinese classics to
command from them very marked respect
for scholarship or to exert much influence in
modifying iheir religious opinions. Moreover they are so enreful in respect to style in
expression, they have been trnined to so nice
a linguistic sense that a large command of
the language is essential to the exercise of
any considerable power over them. I mi
and attainments. Some men who would
assured that the early translations of some
have the foreign work carried on, really
portions of the scriptures are ridiculed by
think, if they do not say, lhat any man of
for their faulty style.
earnest and devout spirit will do well enough them
Now remember that to preach effectually
for that work while the most gifted preachers and teachers should be retained at home. to some men or to discuss with them or to
And I fear that the most gifted young comprehend and use their classics one needs
preachers themselves sometimes cherish that to master as far as possible this most difficult
opinion sufficiently to interfere somewhat of languages. It is no exaggeration to say
with an impartial decision between the that the complete mastery of this language
is the work of a lifetime. The most accomclaims of the home arid the foreign field.
Mark, I am not about to attempt to lay plished missionary or civil officer of foreign
down the principles which should guide one birth is obliged to keep his Chinese teacher
in deciding in what part of the Master's by his side to the very last. Men who have
vineyard one should labor, whether as been forty years diligently studying and conpreacher or as teacher. But I wish to make stantly using the language do this. Then
it clear that in China at least the missionary one needs to saturate himself with the very
work furnishes the amplest scope for the spirit of the Chinese classics and to be able
most thoroughly trained and most gifted to quote them freely and to grasp the Chinese
philosophy and theology, which are very
minds.
In a most emphatic sense it may be af- subtle.
firmed that public opinion here is made and
I think it must be obvious that the very
this empire is governed by scholars. With best mind will find here a task quite suffirare exceptions men cannot attain to official cient for his best powers, and that no man
position of even moderately high grade, need fear that he can bring more talent to
unless they have evinced their scholarship his work than is necessary. The Jesuits
in public examinations. Many thousands two hundred years ago acted with wisdom
who have passed such examinations are ever in sending their picked men here, and some
waiting for vacancies in the public offices. of them became advisers of Emperors and
They form a large body of what are called did reach and convert men of the literary
the literati and the gentry. Many of them class, including some of the highest officials
are teachers. The great mass of uneducated in the Empire.

1882.
1 would not be understood as intimating
that there are not now men of high talent
and acquirements in the missionary service
here, nor that men of even fair intellectual
gifts many not do good work here, nor that
the conversion of the ignorant Chinese, from
which class most of the converts are now
obtained, is not of great importance. But
one longs to see larger conquests of the class
which really makes China, which governs it,
which controls its ideas and its policy. We
do not presume to limit the power of the
Holy Spirit to touch these. But reasoning
in the usu'l
concerning the human instrumentalities needed to reach and move
them, I think it may now be clear to you
that the most vigorous hik! gifted mind will
find full scope for all his powers in bringing
the scholars of China to the cross of Christ.
I shall rejoice beyond measure at the
coming of the day when I can again meet
with you and talk with you of these and
kindred themes dear to us all.
Meantime with my best wishes and prayers for you all both individually and ns an
Association, I am
Yours Very Truly,
James B. Angell.
The Hon. James B. Angell, our late

Minister in Peking, has written a note to the
missionaries in China informing them : "It

may be known to you that in 1862 an order
was issued by Prince Kung exempting Chinese converts to the Roman Catholic faith
from the assessments sometimes made by
officials for processions, theatricals exhibitions, etc., which form a part of heathen services. At my request, the Tsungli-Ynmen
have now sent an instruction to all the high
provincial authorities in the empire to consider the order above referred to as henceforth applicable to Protestant Chinese converts, as well as to Roman Catholics. The
same exemption is secured to the former as
to the latter. lam instructing our consuls
to inform the missionaries in their districts
of the fact." The decree orders that when
local authorities meet with subscriptions
which have a mixed nature—civil and religious—they must honestly separate them
one from another, and not impose them without judgment or discrimination ; and that
Christians who are injured on account of
their refusal to be assessed their share toward these useless services shall be compensated and that the persons who offend
against them shall be punished.—lndependent.

Our Supplement.—Realizing the
importance of calling public attention
to the P]vangelization of the Chinese
on the Hawaiian Islands, we propose
issuing during the coming year, a
CHINESE QUARTERLY SUPPLEMENT.

On the Ist of January, April, July
and October. As these publications
will incur additional out-lay to the regular issue of the Friend, any persona
disposed to favor %hegratuitous circulalation of this supplement, are requested to send forward their contributions.