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THE FRIEND.
Volume

HONOLULU, H. 1., MAY, 1888.

46.

WM. R. CASTLE,

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M,

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31

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.
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The Friend.
Volume 46.

HONOLULU, H. 1., MAY, 1888.

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S. E. BISHOP,

-

Editor.

CONTENTS.
A Missionary Paper.
Missionary I.;fc of Rev. R. W. Logan
Islands and People of Ruk
Ancient Systems of Land Tenure in Polynesia
Monthly Record of Kvents, Marine Journal
Hawaiian Board
Y. M. C A. —Annual Reports
Hook Notice, Births, Deaths and Mai-napes

A MISSIONARY PAPER.

VAt'.K
33
}s

35

36
38

39
40
carer

can no more be such work in the coming
ages than can the forests of Ohio again
be cleared, or the prairies of Illinois
again subdued. The future will hold in
special honor these founders of Christian civilization in Pagan lands. To have
.sprung from a Judson or a Logan will
be counted a greater honor than to trace
back to a Grant or a Sherman.
" On them that were in darkness bath
risen a great Light; and to them that
were in the region and shadow of death
the Light hath shined." What* is so
good as to impart good to others ? And
of all the good, the light, the help, the
healing that earth contains, what can we
find so great, so uplifting, so rejoicing,
as to make men know and love and trust
to the glorious Lord Jesus Christ! To
know Him is life now, and it is life eternal.
Honolulu Christians have great calls
made upon them for Christian work, and
heavy demands on their beneficence.
We are none the poorer, but richer for
it. And we need and welcome such incitement and inspiration as the return of
the Star brings to us.

Very much of that sort is the present
number of the Friend. Four extra pages
are added for Y. M. C. A. annual exercises and reports.
Of the rest, the greater
space 1s filled with matter growing out of
the return of the Mottling Star. The
Friend joins in the welcome to the ship
and to Capt. Garland, who has made a
truly successful voyage. It is good to
The Christian Missionary is of necessity
have the Star come to us, full of the life- an absorbed man, engaged in his work—
breath of missionary enterprise in the •devoted to bringing men to Christ, and
Western Seas. One noble hero falls in saving them out of their sins. Hence he
the arduous warfare at the fore-front, and cannot easily be congenial to visitors and
traders among the heathen who give themhis brave widow and their soldierly son are selves to the varied pursuits of traffic and
with us for a few days. And there is the be- pleasure. He must be somewhat ascetic,
loved band of missionary brothers and sis- somewhat rigid in his standards of duty.
ters, Doane at their head, who endured last To the others he will seem narrow and
Now and then there is a rare
year's night of fear and sorrow in the fanatical.
man who combines with his devotion and
conflict of natives and Spaniards, but now strictness
such genial sweetness and joyousenjoying peace and good hope for their ness as compels rr-gard—such men are rare.
future work. And then there is the
Besides this, it is unhappily the fact,
double band of workers at Kusaie, with that the great body of civilized visitors
sojourners on heathen shores throw
their two training schools for the Marshall and the
off
restrictions on conduct which
and the Gilbert groups. To them in bind them in civilized society, and surGcd's goodness, there have been no mis- render themselves to heathen looseness
haps, only the "work of faith, labor of of living. The missionary with his strict
morality, and his aggressive activity in
love, and patience of hope."
He
All this is full of inspiration to us in morals, is hatefully antagonistic. tried
awakens the conscience they have
Honolulu, and brings us into close con- to leave behind them. His whole life and
nection with the grandeur and glory of activity is admonitory and condemning
Missionary enterprise—that great and to them. It is a distressing light thrown
successful undertaking of evangelizing in upon the darkness in which they have
themselves. A bitter hostility
the dark regions of the earth. What a ensconced
is inevitable. No do'bt missionaries
strange, exceptional age we are living sometimes give wa v
'hey should not
in! Now, as never before, and as of ne- to bitterness and
on in return. The
great patience, and
cessity it can never be again, is it'given Lord's servant ne
to Christ's people to make Him known the spirit of love and compassion towards the erring of his own race as well
to the pagan and savage majority of
as others. How many such on heathen
mankind. Those are indeed privileged shores have been converted to become
who can go forward in their work. There steadfast, earnest helpers.

'

33

Number 5.

MISSIONARY LIFE OF REV. R. W.
LOGAN.

The old pioneer native teacher Moses
stood by the bier of h s departed leader,
saying " U'e never shall get one like Mr.
Logan." Captain Narrhun, the friendly
trader, said: "If the Hoard want the
work carried on that Mr. Logan was
doing, t'ney must send four men out to do
it." There is no doubt that our departed
brother had grown to a great power in his
large field ; that he had developed an immense capacity tor work, and that he was
laboring with wonderful enthusiasm and
effectiveness, and with a most thorough
and happy const cration. To the unspeakable loss and detriment of that infant and
prosperous work, death has cut short his
labors—death undoubtedly resulting from
overwork, under the pressure of imperative demands, while unsjpplied with the
aid and reinforcement of new helpers for
whom he had urgently asked.
We take up Mr. Logan's record at the
point of his actual entrance upon work
among the heathen. Another hand will
have depicted his earlier history and his
characttr as exhibited up to that time.
Mr. and Mrs. Logan reached Ponape, in
company with the Rands, in the autumn
of 1874. lor five years they learned
their work in association with the veteran
missionary Sturges. Mr. Logan occupied
the station of Kenan during the absence
of Mr. Doane, keeping up the work of
the latter in the churches and schools and
doing something in the training of teachers. Two of these earlier pupils of Mr.
Logan's proved faithful missionaries at the
Mortlocks, and one of them is still doing
good service at home. Mr. Sturges, in
the meantime, was initiating a glorious
work of evangelization in the Mortlock
group, where he planted his first teachers
in the January preceding Mr. Logan's
arrival. There his Ponape teachers had
wonderful success in the conversion of
these very simple and docile natives, who,
unlike the Ponapeans, had been but little
corrupted by traders. So rich and fruitful a field drew Mr. Logan to give himself
to its cultivation. His first trip there was
made in company with Mr. Sturges in
November, 1577. His deepest interest
and enthusiasm were kindled by what he
witnessed. He saw their need of a leader.
On his return to Ponape he at once
sought and obtained the consent of his
brethren that he should apply himself to
acquiring the language of the Mortlocks,
To this he gave two years' diligent study,
with the aid of a man and his wife whom
he had brought with him. In November,
1879, Mr. Doane returned and resumed
his former charge in Kenan, and Mr. and

:

:

34

THE FRIEND.

May, 1888.

Mrs. Logan at once proceed*, d on the cago, Cleveland, Buffalo, Ann Arbor, and passages to and fro were attended with
Morning Star to the Mortlocks, where in lowa and Minnesota. The first Con- severe hardship and illness.
they were landed to. secure such comlort gregational Church at Buffalo assumed
Up to the close of his work Mr. Logan
as they might in the houses of the native his support at Ruk. Mr. Logan's influence had been able to occupy with teachers
people. There, in utter isolation, they and advice were particularly effective in four out stations in the Ruk Lagoon,
remained, and in much external discom securing steam power for the new Morn- namely: Kukit, on Ufa 11 Island; Kuttia,
fort, devoting themselves to the willing ing Slur.
on leluat I sin nd; Fala, on lutla Islet,
but unstable islanders. There wa* the
In 1884, ten years after their first en- and Metttu, on IVete Island. The miswork of visiting the four different lngoons, trance upon work among heathen, the Lo sion centre is at Anapatto, on Wela
separated by rough channels, and of ex- g.ms again proceeded to Honolulu, to em- Island. Large islands still unoccupied
horting, instructing, admonishing, guiding bark upon the Morning Star. This time for lack of teachers are I'aintk, Ulet and
the infant anil ignorant churches, and of their destination was to the new field of Pitrom. About 500 converts in all had
directing and stirring up the sincere but Ruk. The Honolulu churches well re- been baptized and gathered into churches.
indolent native teachers from Ponape. member the
deep impression made upon A training school of some thirty young
During this year of incessant labor Mr. us at the time l>y Mr. Logan, both spirit men and boys was in successful operation
Logan left a great and permanent impress ually and intellectually. Of tall, spare —this alone work enough for one man's
upon the incipient Christian life of the
fi rui, of strong, simple, earnest, gracious whole time.
people, an impress deepened by his many manner, we have rarely seen a man who Besides these labors, Mr. Logan had
subsequent pastoral visitations. In addi- seemid to possess so sweet, intelligent prepared several needed books in the
tion to these episcopal labors, Mr. Logan, and lofty a saintlincss. Sermons preac li native language, the same as the Mortmaturing his already good knowledge of ed by him were characterized by
great lock. These were an arithmetic, geograthe native tongue, performed during tbe breadth and soundness of thought and phy and reading book for the schools ;
year the immense work of translating the clearness of expression, combined with
a also a catechism, a life of Christ and
larger part of the New Testament, most joyful enthusiasm for the Kingdom especially a hymn book of ninety-two
Matthew and Mark having been already ofChrist.
hymns. He also translated the books of
translated by him at Ponape. Me had a Such a man, as the
Genesis and Exodus. Some of these
subsequent years have already been printed. Some are
special facility in the acquisition of verified, was
fitted, and called
especially
He
was
the
forein
languages.
seminary
now being sent to press at Honolulu for
heroic
for
the
work among the
pioneer
most in scholarship in Greek and Heearly use at Ruk, and some will be
and
clans
savage
warring
great
of
the
Ruk
brew. Although so rapidly accomplished,
printed
by Mrs. Logan at the east.
the work is not without scholarly pre or Hogoleu Lagoon. This cons sts of a
Among the fruits of missionary labor
barrier
some
reef
miles
in
eighty
diameti
1,
csion, ;ind is satisfactorily idiomatic and
has been the raising up of a serviceable
acceptable to the native people. It is a which marks the bounds of a large and faithful assistant at Ruk in Mr. Worth.
precious boon to the 18,000 or 20,000 ancient island, now sunken. Within this He was formerly a dissolute sailor at
p <'ple who speak the Mortlock language, encircling ring of reefs and sand spits are Ponape, but became converted to God at
high islands and many minor islets, Guam while
including Ruk. Hall's Island and other five
in solitary charge of a hulk,
groups. To them it copiously opens the the surviving mountain peaks of the older where a Bible revived early teachings, and
and sunken worldlet. These are inW..rd of Life.
enforced missionary pleadings hitherto
Fit sometime before the return of the habited by some 10,000 natives, not by scorned. Mr. Worth has been a useful
nature
but
broken
indocile,
into hostile help and support, and gives promise of
Star, Mr. Logan had been quite prostrated
by pulmonary malady. This resulted from clans, and of dangerous repute with the much future service. Rev. I). J. Treiber
the weakness caused by overwork, and by traders and whalers who have hitheito and wife joined the Logans in their work
the insufficient and improper nourishment, avoided them. In 1881 Mr. Sturges ven- last August, but too late to save the wasted
of such food as characterizes coral atolls, tured to locate there one Moses, a faith- strength of the worn-out apostle. Early
their supplies of foreign food having be- ful teacher from Ponape, who had had in November our beloved brother began
come exhausted. At last in January, 1881, several years of successful missionary ex- to succumb to fever, and on the 27th of
the Star arrived, and the Logans returned perience in the Mortlock and neighboring December he passed to his rest, literally
to Ponape, finding the change to the high islets. Moses had persisted, amid perils exhausted of vitality by excessive and proisland invigorating. He hoped there to nearly fatal, and in three years had tracted labors.
become fully restored, and applied himself gathered from sixty to eighty converts.
Mr. Logan was cheerful to the last.
to translating, completing then the entire
The Logans arrived at Ruk in the His chief solicitude was how to provide
New Testament. He continued, however, autumn of 1884. The forty subsequent for the.great work after his death, which
to be feeble. The surgeon of a man-of- months were filled with manifold and he felt to be approaching. All else, and
war examined him. and peremptorily or- most effective activity. They have been this too, he was able calmly to entrust to
dered him to leave Ponape as soon as pos- attended by most fruitful though incom- the Lord. To his wife he said, " When
sible. In July the Logins found passage plete results. Nearly every branch of the you go home, you must tell those young
in a schooner of sixty-five tons t°> New work had to be initiated. Teachers had men and women how much they are
Zealand. After a passage of 79 days of to be created and trained out of the recent needed here." " How can I tell them,"
much hardship, occupying a sort of tent and awkward converts; houses and she replied, "to come here and bear what
upon the deck, they landed in New Zea- churches were to be built, training we have borne, and to pass through what
land in the early spring. In February, schools to be started from small begin- I am passing now?" "It is the Lord's
1882, they proceeded to • Honolulu, and nings, hostile and treacherous tribes to he- work," the dying man answered ; " it is
shortly to Southern California, where they conciliated, new stations among them to worth all we are giving for it."
waited for the Atlantic summer, traveling be found and occupied as fast as raw re- To our brother, who has gone, we beeastward in June. It was not until the cruits could be trusted to go and disciple lieve there belongs the meed of honor
second year that Mr. Logan's health wis them. All this time Mr. Logan wrought among the noblest of all the many noble
so restored as to justify his return. In the almost alone at his manifold tasks, save missionaries who have wrought such wonmeantime he carried through the press the faithful aid of his heroic wife, and be- ders for Christ among the islands of the
the Mortlock New Testament, and a book sides these he ye .rly visited the Mortlock Pacific.
Still young, with but a brief
of Bible stor:e=, constituting an outline of churches, tarrying with them for weeks record, he seems to us to have proved his
Uible history.
and setting them in order, crowding the rank to be of the royal few like Moffat, LivDuring this sojourn, Mr. Logan became labor, as it were, of months into a few ingstone. Judson, Williams and Patteson.
widely and favorably known to the days. There were ten churches in the six
Our fallen hero lies buried alone in that
churches, notably in New York City, Chi- separate lagoons to supervise, and the most westward of North Pacific mission

stations—the sole one of our many heroic
workers in that archipelago who has actually fallen in the field. Happy indeed
will be those men and women who shall
stand by his grave in faith and heavenly
love to take up the work which his worn
hands have dropped—that most blessed
work to which he had reached forward with
eager expectation—of carrying on those
four out stations into scores ; of multiplying those hundreds of believers into thousands; of training hundreds of bright youths
and maidens into earnest and efficient Chris
tian workers ; of lifting all those 20,000
islanders up into the glory of Christian
civilization, and the inspiration of heavenly
hope : of creating on all those sordid islets
and atolls Christian society, with its peace,
order, pure homes and opulence ; and to
make all that social tangle and desert of
the ages blossom as the rose and the lily.
What a blessed task is now awaiting the
happy hearts of those consecrated young
men and women whom God is preparing
to go thithir in the fulness of Christ's
love ? Who are they ?
S. E. B.

THE FRIEND.

35

Volume 46, No. 5.]

are afriong a most interesting people. of the hole wood is placed, then stones
They are rather below the average about the size of one's fist. This
American in stature. Large men are is lighted, and when the stones are
very rare, and of large women we have sufficiently heated all is scooped out,
seen none, owing no doubt to their in- the hole is lined with grass or leaves,
activity, poor food and degradation. and the food placed within. The food
Head and face are quite regular. Hair is then covered with grass or leaves,
black and usually straight. Eyes black and the hot stones thrown on top. In
and expressive. Forehead high, nose a short time all is well cooked. Breadflattened, nostrils almost perfectly round, fruit, taro, bananas and fish are cooked
lips thick, and teeth well set. They in this way, and are very fine flavored.
take good care of their teeth, but from Men do the cooking, and women catch
the fact that they are the chief house- the fish and get the wood.
hold tool, used alike to peel sugar-cane,
The marriage ceremony is very simple.
husk cocoanuts, break the backs of If a couple wish to marry, they run
newly-caught fish, and masticate food, away to some deserted house. Courtthey are usually gone before old age. ship lasts from one hour to two weeks.
Their arms are more than average One of the men here came to ask me to
length, and fingers frightfully long and unite him in Christian marriage. When
slender. The usual mode of carrying is asked who it was that he wished for
on the shoulder with men, and on the wife he said, "O, I have not found her
head with women. A little boy in the yet." He came back in tbe afternoon
school with us, not more than ten years, r.ith his intended. Most men have one
will carry two pails of water on a stick wife, some have two, and, in rare cases,
resting on the shoulder. No protection three. The great trouble is plural husis used on their large Hat feet, so that bands. We have just dismissed a native
the sole is rendered unusually tough.
teacher whose wife is now with her sixth
In their heathen state nothing is worn husband. One of the most perplexing
ISLANDS AND PEOPLE OF RUK.
by the men except a loin-cloth, which questions is, what to do with such
D.RBYETREIBER.
VJ. .
looksmuch likea crash towel dyed yellow, cases.
but
never washed. It is wound around
Children receive much care, and soon
The ground gradually rises
from the shore to the height of 800 to the loins, crossed before and behind, and rule the house. Very large families are
1,000 feet, densely covered with foliage, tied. A yellow paint is made from the rare, but most people have two or three.
such as only a tropical climate can pro- root of a native plant. This is freely They adopt back and forth, so that a
duce. The beach is lined with cocoa- used to bedaub the face, and, in case of man seldom knows his own parents.
nut trees and a low bush called man- war, the whole body is thus anointed. To adopt a child is no more with them
grove which is used for firewood. Salt When this is not used, the color of their than to buy a pig with you. It is indeed
water does not injure either of these" skin is such that they are far less repul- a wonder that so many live. Soon after
trees. OT the high islands there are sive than one might suppose. As cloth birth they are carried about utterly
five, and one of these, Wola or rather is procured, they prefer the quick and naked, exposed to the direct rays of a
ready way of cutting a hole in the tropical sun. Raw and stale food are
Wala, was to be our home.
given them, and, worst of all, they are
Arthur Logan and Mr. Worth came middle to admit the head.
off to greet us. We were glad to hear
With women the dress is far more nursed by every woman who comes to
that the health of the missionaries had tasty, being apiece of native cloth about see them. An infant left motherless
been good during the year, and on com- three-fourths of a yard wide wrapped here was adopted by a teacher's wife.
ing ashore we received such a welcome about the loins. This cloth is made of The Sunday following he was passed
as we never before had. The boys of the fiber of banana, also of the pandanus around regularly to nurse. No responthe mission seemed no less pleased. or screw-pine. The fibres are slit very sibility is felt for children except to proFor our own part we were delighted to fine and then woven. As they are ac- vide food for them.
Their houses are usually about twelve
begin work under the direction of such quainted with a number of dyes, they are
earnest people as Mr. and Mrs. Logan, able to produce some very pretty patterns. by sixteen feet; the sides from three
Our first work was housebuilding. Because of this abreviated skirt, it does to four feet high; an ordinary roof,
All the "stuff" for this mission was not take so much calico to make a the whole covered with thatch made
landed in two days* The third day the woman's dress as a man's. One yard of the leaf of the ivory-nut palm.
Star sailed, and the fourth work began with a hole cuf in the middle to admit Each stem has, perhaps, a hundred
on the house. A short vacation is al- the head is sufficient. Their only orna- leaflets, each leaflet about two feet
ways taken when the Star comes, to ments are beads worn around the neck long and three inches wide, something
read letters, to arrange supplies and re- and in the ears. The burr of the ear is like a corn-leaf. This is broken across
cover. During that time, all the boys first slit, and after that has been stretched a reed four or five feet long, and sewed
that could be used were busy on the to the utmost, an enlargement is had by next the reed, so that the two ends meet.
house. Mr. Worth and Arthur helped; cutting the slit up towards the top of In roofing, these reeds are placed one
but with a little showing, the natives did the ear. This is sometimes stretched above another, much after the manner
most of the heavy work. Mr. L. wished so that the slit is eight inches long. of shingles, and each reed fastened with
On this rim of flesh are strung small cord to the rafters. When the lap is
td help, but we would not have it.
We landed August 7th, and moved rings of cocoanut shell. When this is not too great, this makes a very good
into our house September 23rd. Some full, strings of beads are added, and roof for five or six years. On the outlittle painting, hanging blinds, and allowed to hang down the breasts. In side it looks much like dried corn-leaves.
steps yet remained to be done. The this way two or three pounds are fre- The ends and sides are fixed much the
house is on a hill perhaps 40 feet above quently suspended from one ear.
same way. A small hole two feet wide by
the sea, and about 20 rods from the
The method of cooking food is the three feet high is left in one end to admit
shore. It is high enough to get plenty same as among other Pacific islanders. the inhabitants. No windows are made,
•of air, and is, we think, very healthy. A round hole two or three feet in the failure in architecture supplying
Am glad to know that for healthy diameter, and twelve to twenty inches plenty of light for the dark deeds done
people this is a healthy climats. We deep is scooped out. In the bottom within. A basket woven of cords con-

36
tains the valuables of the family, and a
large knife, gotten of foreigners, and in
rare cases an old musket, a small, triangular fish-net two by three feet, and a
piece of flat coral for pounding food, are

[May, 1888.

THE FRIEND.
the corrupt heart in the first chapter of
Romans which is not undoubtedly true
of this people.
To their credit be it said they know
nothing of intoxicants of any kind. Even
ava or kava so much used elsewhere is
not known here. A wicked trader, who
wished to injure the work, offered the
natives liquor to make them drunk, and
when drunk, they were to come and do
wicked things too bad to write. The
whole scheme failed by the natives
quickly spitting out the liquor, saying it
burned their mouths. One can hardly
imagine the abominable wickedness of
these white traders. Some of them
seem more busy in spreading evil than
in trading.

all the tools.
A few cocoanut leaves, or in rare
cases a mat, makes a bed. More frequently there is nothing but the bare
ground. Mosquitoes are very bad at
some seasons, and sometimes a netting
is made of native cloth for protection.
The house is the stopping-place not
of a family, but of a portion of a clan.
One man in the house is chief. His
words count only as influence ; he has
A number of these
no authority.
houses, scattered promiscuously over a
Rection, form a district or clan. This
district is usually limited by the natural ANCIENT SYSTEMS OF LAND TENURE
IN POLYNESIA.
features of the country. Each one in
the clan is bound to protect his fellow.
Read before the Honolulu Social Science A'-soci.itior 1
March 12, 1888, by Hon. W. D. Alexander.
I have not been able to learn of one
being murdered by one of his own clan.
SAMOA.
A system of blood revenge is the only
From the proud and vindictive New
law. A murder is always avenged by
killing not the murderer, but some one Zealander, let us now turn to the free
of his clan. Thus revenge goes on and open-hearted Samoan. The civil
back and forth, till at times numbers of polity of Samoa is patriarchal and demdistricts are involved. Whole districts ocratic. Each village is an independent
are or have been entirely destroyed. republic, and no class of serfs or villeins
The mission ground was in the memory exists.
The following account is based upon
of old men thus depopulated. This
accounts for so many white people the statements of Rev. G. Turner, the
being killed in cold blood. All whites highest authority on this subject.
were supposed to belong to the same
In a village containing from 300 to
clan, and innocent whites have often 500 people there will be found from ten
paid for the crimes of wicked whalers to twenty titled heads of families, or
and unprincipled traders. This system " Tula/ales," and one of higher rank,
necessitates great caution on the part of called "Alii," or chief. The titles of
a missionary in going to a new district. these heads of families are not hereditaWhen Mr. Logan cannot go I take ry but elective. By family is here
some of the more earnest Christians and meant "a patriarchal group of sons,
never go counter to their judgment. daughters, uncles, cousins, etc., which
One of our boys, an earnest Christian, may number fifty individuals. They have
always goes with me. He is the son of one large house as a rendezvous and
a chief who was a great leader in war guest-house, and four or five other houses
and revenge. He is well acquainted near it."
with the meaning of every move. I
The chiefs on the other hand, are a
simply go on with my work, keeping an very select class, whose pedigrees are
eye on him. Most of the districts here- traced most carefully, in the traditional
about know the missionaries and their genealogies, to the ancient head of the
object. As soon as this is known all clan. On the death of the village chief,
it rests with the heads of families to deis well.
A preparation seems in a measure to cide which member of the chief family
have been made for the gospel, by a shall succeed to the title. The memmixing of clans. Of course the people bers of a family group can depose their
with us are from different districts, which head, and again the heads of families
could never have been when the clan can unite and depose the chief, and give
system was rigid. Much of the hard his title to another member of the chief
work of a teacher, and certainly a test of family, who will act more in accordance
his skill lies in uniting the districts. with their view's. While the chief is
What belongs to one is no other's. Mr. thus responsible to the community, he
Logan has had hard work to make the is closely allied by blood and marriage
Christians see that he is not alone their to many other chiefs in other villages.
He enjoys many honorary titles and
teacher.
There are well-disposed characters privileges, and is treated with the most
among them. One is a dandy, another courtly and ceremonious, though not sera cheat, and another a liar. The voca- vile ettiquette, but does not exercise arbulary for badness seems remarkably bitary power. Taxation and oppression
full. Corruption needs no portrayal. are unknown. The chief of the village toIt is the same, whether on the housetop gether with the' heads of families constior in the cellar. I think thereis not one tute the legislative body of the place and
of the charges which Paul brings against the court of appeal.

,

Again, the villages of each district

form a confederacy for mutual protection. Some particular village is known
as the capital of the district, and its
chief has a certain primacy among the
other chiefs, and is styled "Tupu."

All matters affecting the interests of the
confederacy are discussed in open air
meetings, or "fonos," by the chiefs and
heads of families. All Samoansare said
to be natural orators.
The land in Samoa is held by the
chiefs and heads of families for the community. The land belonging to each
family is well known, and the person
who for the time being holds the title of
head of the family can dispose of it only
"by and with the advice and consent"
of all the members of the family. The
adjoining lagoon and the forest are considered to belong to the village community. As Mr. E. B. Taylor remarks:
"Among the Samoans may still be seen
in some measure practical common
property. * *
* Here is a people
who hear with wonder that among the
white men the poor can ever be hungry
and houseless." I will only add that
they were a comparatively chaste people,
and that from ancient times great care
was taken to prevent any union between
near relatives —so much so that a list of
what they deemed improper marriages
would almost compare with the "Table
of kindred and affinity" in our Bibles.
Among them rank descends by the male
line, so that the son of a princess by a
common man would not be a noble.
FIJI.

We shall find a more advanced and
highly organized communal system
among the Fijians. This extraordinary

race of savages far surpassed the Polynesians proper in keenness of intellect,
and ingenuity in the arts, and had also
worked out a much more elaborate and
artificial system of government. Although the people had little voice in the
state, yet " the utmost respect was paid
to ancient divisions of landed property,
to family rank, and official rights." The
recent annexation of Fiji to the British
Empire has led to much discussion on
the Fijian system of land tenure. For
the following account of it I am chiefly
indebted to an able article by the Rev.
Lorimer Fison in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, which appeared
in 1881, the essential points of which are
here condensed.
THE KORO.

The Fijian name of the village community is the Koro, which is properly
an organized clan, with its fortified village, surrounded by moat and bank and
palisade, and its outlying lands.
The individual land owners are called Taukei. The Koro is divided into
quarters, each of which is called a Matangali, and is composed of the descendants of a band of brothers or Mata-veitathini, from each of whom is descended a
minor division called a Yavusa, and each

Volume 46, No. 5.]
yavusa is again divided into a number
of Vuvale, consisting of brothers with
their families, who inhabit either the
same house or adjoining houses. The
common origin of the clansmen is known
by the fact of their having the same god,
who is called the Kalou-vu or god-an-

Not all the people are land-owners. polygamy. Thus, to go back to the
There may be persons attached to the original band of brothers, from whom
matangali, who are not full members of the various subdivisions of a clan are

it. There are two classes of these, very
different from each other.
i. The Kaitani are fugitives from
other tribes or other commoners who
cestor.
have become attached to a matangali,
The lands of the Koro are of three but were not born, into it. In many of
classes :
the Fijian clans, but not all, strangers
i. The Yavu or Town Lots,
can become assimilated to a certain ex2. The Ngele or Arable Land, and
tent by inter-marriage, but their descendants do not become full members
3. The Veikau or Forest.
What Sir Henry Maine says of the till after the lapse of many generations.
Teutonic Mark, may be applied word for As succession in Fiji is generally agword to the Fijian Koro, viz: 'The natic, i.e., through males, it is necescommunity inhabited the village, held sary, in order to be a full-born taukei, or
the forest in common and cultivated the land-owner, that one's descent should
arable land in lots appropriated to the be traced through an uninterrupted line
several families.'
of full-born males, born in legitimate
1. The Yavu. Each tnatangali has wedlock.
its own yavu or quarter. These yavu
2. The base-born or bastards are
are subdivided into smaller yavu appor- called Kaisi, and 'the resources of the
tioned to the yavusa, and these again Fijian language seem to have been raninto lots smaller still, each family or sacked for terms of contempt to pour
household having its own. The house- upon these unfortunate beings.'. They
hold may be composed of several fami- are 'children without a father,' 'men
lies, the heads of which are brothers,
without souls,' etc. They have no anand is generally presided over by the cestors and no gods, and no land, and
head of the eldest branch. This smaller the children
of a Kaisi are Kaisi forever.
yavu is the precinct, and maybe surround- As a general thing the
Fijians married
the
of
its
will
owners. within the Koro, but outside of the
ed by a fence at
The yavu adjoin one another, but you Matangali.
must not build quite up to the edge of
Such is the constitution of a Koro.
your own yavu, nor may your neighbor
are confederacies formed of kinThere
build up to the boundary of his. You
dred communities, and some villages
and he must so arrange as to leave a were colonies or
offshoots of a mother
path-way between them. Extreme care, village, or koro levu (chief town). Others
is taken by" the people to guard against
which have been conquered in war paid
encroachment here. The building of a
and rendered military service to
tribute,
house is jealously watched by the neigh- the capital
city; but this was in no sense
boring owners, and quarrels frequently rent. Others
still are inhabited by clans
arise about boundaries. The yavu is who have been driven away from their
its
under the dominion of
owners, and own lands by war, and are tenants at
the house standing upon it is a sanctuawill on the lands of a friendly tribe.
ry which not even the highest chief has No length
of occupation, however, can
a right to violate. The Fijian's house give them an absolute
title.
is his castle. No man outside of your
OR
TURANGA.
THE CHIEFS,
own kindred can enter your precinct or
cross your threshold against your will.
The above statement shows that the
If the town is taken in war, however, lands were not "vested in the ruling
vac victis.
chiefs," as has been asserted. The
2. The Ngele.—Outside of the Koro is
Fijians had made some steps towards
the Ngele, or arable land, whose bound- the feudal system, but they were still a
aries are clearly ascertained and known long way from it. The Taukei owed
to all. In some places it (the arable service to their chiefs, but it was not
land) is divided into family lots. In rent for the lands held by them. The
other places it is not so divided, and the chief is their lord, but not their landlord.
joint owners appear to use any piece He is but one of the joint tribal owners
that may be convenient, provided always together with themselves. In the case
that they do not go beyond the lands of his own clansmen, the service or tax
belonging to their Koro. No periodical was an offering made to the head of the
re-distribution of lands took place as in house—the earthly representative of the
Russia or Palestine.
ancestral gods from whom they claimed
"3. The Veikau, or Forest. —The forest a common descent. In the case of sublands are not subdivided like the Ngele. ject villages it was tribute. In the case
All the members of the Koro have the of the immigrants it was rent, but the
joint right of felling timber for building rent-payers were not tenants of the
and other purposes. But one com- chief alone but of the whole clan, inmunity may not trespass on the veikau cluding the chief whose lands they ocof another.
cupied.
THE TAUKEI, OR LAND-OWNERS.
The exalted rank of the chief is due
The land then is held by certain tribal to several causes, such as the system of
owners who have a common descent. descent by males, primogeniture, and

.

37

THE FRIEND.

descended, the elder brother takes precedence of the younger, and the yavusa" of which he is ancestor takes precedence of the others. Hence the descendants of elder brothers are elder
brothers forever, as in New Zealand.
Again, every chief of high rank had a
number of wives, but one of them came
of a better family than the others, and
her children consequently, were of higher
rank. Thus we find numerous gradations of rank, from the "kaisi,"' men
who are "not born at all," through the
children of strangers, the commoners,
and those who are noble on one side,
till we arrive at the chiefs who are "so
high-born as to be god-born, the pure
blooded eldest son of the eldest up to the
'Kalou Vu' (or deified ancestor), who
stands at the head of the line." But
though the high chiefs are thus exalted
above the commoners, land tenure remains untouched.

"

To conclude, the original tenure of

land in Fiji was tribal, and though the
tribal land is in many places subdivided among households and individuals, yet each owner holds for the
tribe and not for himself alone. He
cannot alienate the land from his tribe
or disinherit his heirs. He may, it is
true, give a piece of land as dowry with
his daughter to a stranger, but it is really
given not to the stranger but to the Taukei's daughter, or rather to the son who
shall be born of her, and if she die childless, the land reverts to her kin.
No man, according to the Fijian
theory, is the absolute owner of the
land. He has no more than a life interest in it. He may dispose of that interest if he pleases, but he can do no
more.
Nor is even the whole tribe the absolute owner. Each generation does but
hold in trust for the next, and the tribe
is under obligation to hand down the
tribal estate undiminished forever. The
land is, as it were strictly entailed, the
heir being the posterity of the clan to
all generations. It is impossible to cut
off an entail such as this, for the heir
can never be a consenting party.
The above is the view held by most of
the English missionaries in Fiji, but not
the one adopted by the British Government, which has treated the chiefs as
feudal lords, and thus greatly increased
their power of oppressing their people.
It reminds us of Lord Cornwallis' settlement of Lower Bengal, by which the
Zemindars, who had been formerly mere
tax collectors, were made feudal proprietors.
ITo be continued. I

.

I have no fear for England; she will
stand till the Day of Judgment.— William Pitt. What.l fear for England is
the Day of Judgment. Burke.

—

38
MONTHLY RECORD OF EVENTS.

May, 1888.

THE FRIEND.
26th—Nineteenth anniversary exercises of the Y. M. C. A. at their Hall.—

April 3rd—Quarantine restrictions on Sixty-ninth anniversary of I. O. O. F. at
vessels from San Francisco raised.— Harmony Hall.
Movements of shipping somewhat
27th—Trial of G. W. Macfarlane for
Honolulu welcomes several
lively.
with P. H. Hayselden to.deconspiracy
returned kamaainas, and naval visi- fraud the
of duties. DeGovernment
tors. —H. B. M. S. Caroline reports fendant's own evidence establishes the
having taken possession of Panning'!, fact of the distribution of "election gin"
Christmas and Penrhyn Islands for the
to all parts of the islands prior to the
British Government.
election of February, iBM6, the sametaken for the selection of

4th—Steps
being settled for ai'terwauls by orders
a suitable site for the erection of a new from the Palace securing remission of
edifice for the Central Union Church;
duties on other liquors to the amount of
Committees on Finance, Site and Plans
$4,749.35. H. la. the King personally
appointed.
appears in court, and testifies that said
Gaelic,
—Arrival
of
S.
S.
from
5th
were supplied by bis direction
China and Japan, en route for San Fran- liquors
and for his use.—Hoard of Health opens
cisco, with 490 Chinese and 24 Japanese its
Weekly meetings to members of the
for this port.
at Hawaiian Hotel
Press.—Reception
6th—The S. S. Zealandia, from the
the American Naval officers in port.
Colonies, brings another supply of dif- to
2fSth—G. W. Macfarlane convicted of
fusion machinery for Col. Z. S. Spaldconspiracy in the second degree, three
ing.
of the jurors dissenting. Fined $200.
7th —Close and exciting match game Amateur concert at Opera House for the
of base ball between the Honolulusand a
benefit of theBritish Benevolent Society.
nine from the Vantlalia and Adams;
30th—Total value of exports for the
score, 18 to 21 in favor of our homemonth from this port, ft 1 13^2,525.92.
team.—First public test of Kaumakapili
new organ, in a recital which gave much

—

satisfaction.
gth—The Australia returns to San

Franciscca day earlier than usual, and
takes away another large list of passengers.— Demurrers allowed in the cases
of Collector-General of Customs vs. W.
S. Luce, H. R. Macfarlane and G. W.
Macfarlane & Co.
10th—License for the sale and use of
opium cancelled and surrendered. Wedding Bells at the St. Andrews Cathedral
in the marriage of Miss Bertha yon Holt
to Mr. F, W. Glade, of Lihue, Kauai.
12th—Sudden death of Mrs. M. P.
Robinson.
13th—Arrival of the Titos. Hell, from
London via Madeira, with 401 Portuguese immigrants.
15th-—Arrival of the S. S. Mariposa
from San FYancisco, having been delayed three days for the mails through railroad accidents.
i6th-26th—Teacher's Institute week,
Inspector-General A. T. Atkinson presiding.
18th—Arrival of the Morning Star
from Micronesia, with reports of progress at nearly all the Mission stations.
21st—Arrival of Russian man-of-war
Razboynik from Callao, via the Marquesas.—Hawaiian Bell Telephone Co.
vote to increase their stock from $10,000
t0550,000 the net profits of the company
to date showing $34,744.
23rd—Japanese training ship Tsttkuba
arrives from a cruise via Tahiti; reports
disturbance at Raiatea and Huahine between the French and the natives.
24th-*-25th—Trial of the conspiracy
case of W. S. Luce; verdict acquittal;
three jurors dissenting.
25th —Attempt at consolidation of the
Bell and Mutual Telephone Companies
fail; war clouds appear on the horizon in
consequence.

MARINE JOURNAL.
Gw hit I-.■ills. hi.mil, llossc,

9-

Otcrcndorp, for San
Francisco.
Haw S S Australia, Houdlctte, for San Fran-

cisco.

10—U S S Marion, Dyer, for Yokohama.
11—Am bktne Flla, Hansen, for San Francisco.
It—Haw hk J.is A King, Berry, for Port Townscnd.
CoaxudOi Cousins, for San Francisco.
1 i Am bgtne5.11.1.
a, Watt, for San Francisco.
14-I.ru hk
Am uh hk Triton, Warren,-for the Arctic:.
S
Mariposa,
llayw.inl, for ltit- Colonies.
S
15—Am
17 -Am bktne S N Castle, Hubbard, fur San Franci-co.

Haw lik 1-a-ly LaanptOO, SoUtl'ftMH, for San
Frain i.' 11.
1 Kiit hk Naiuita, ('■rahni. foi San Francisco,
bgtne
22— Am
W G Irwin, Mil nl! » h, for S.ia Fran

157 days

.

1UCOs

hk Willie Mel.arren, Coaatu, for Port Town23—Brit semi.

|6 Am bktM I KsCOVen McNeiL f>r San Fraiu.i in.
Ib-Am l>k Mliiiiiioii. IVhcr, for Port Townserid.
p Ami >-li Ivy, Lowell, foi San FnUICI

PASSENGERS.
AKKIVAI s.

From Bremen, per bk Deotachland, April
Mia Anna
Dackar and Miss Anna Junker,
From J'or. Glasgow par hk Natuna, April ; Henry
Burltmyer and John Lade.
From San Francisco, par Australia, April > -Cant C N
Snaossmaker. Lieut W 0 Hennam, Miss MKhodca.Tß
I.uras and family. Miss 11 Day. Mis Rodfcra, Miss N
IV-lhhoin.-. Miss Mary Porter, Mis, Arm-: Porn, S C'ohn,

Hon S(i Wil.hr ami aarvant, |T Water-house, Jr, Til
Carsooand wife, kw E Bailey, T X Walker, W I- Smith,
S llarr, W Gcratle, Miai C Conner, MriMG Pinkerton,
Miss I. A Shuts, Hon HA Widemann, J W Hitter, G
Paaaavaut, and sB others.
From San Francisco, per bktne Etta, April i H \\m
Wcrthem.
From S.ui Francisco, par ship Ivy, April 4 Alvan B
Perry.
I-linn San Fran* isco, per bgtne Consualo, April 5 Mrs
M B Brown and J Ihirk.
From Hongkong & Yokohama, per S S Gaelic, April 5
488 Chinese and co Japanese Kteeraga passenger*,
From Madeira,

per

Portuguese immigrants.
From San Francisco,

ARRIVALS.
i-

7—Haw S S Zealandia, Van

—

PORT OF HONOLULU.

April

April

hk Thomas Ball, April 13-4*7
per

Mariposa, April

1

W T

Lucas, Il l> Wishard, E X Alsipand wife, S E Ehrlich, X
Mclnarny, J A Bertram, II Hart. J X Low, R A Low, II
N Castle, Miss X Brewer, A Young, Mrs IC Harling and
from Port 3 Children, Mrs Davis, W X Couldand wife, alio! 8 stcetai;e
from Bre-

men.
Haw bk Jas A King, Berry, 26 days
I aid low.
From San ['rani isi o, per W !'• Co Ifrey, April 22nd Hon
Ha* b S Australia, Iloudlette, 7 days from San (.has Wall, Mr Turner.
Fran 1
ui'TArirntr.s.
II B M S Caroline, Sir Wm Wiseman,
days
For San Fr.im lucp, per Plantar, April 1 -Rev T V Moore,
from Farming's Island.
Am bktne Ella, fill WO, i3 dajn from San Fran- Mrs Kllis.
For San Francisco, ptr S G Wilder, April ■ Mrs Wacisco*
Brit l>k Natumi, t'.rahn, 126 days from Fiver- ger, A Crydermann, Mr and Mrs Suverup, Mr and Mrs
pool.
Conner, Mr Vanwy and two Portuguese.
4 —Am sh Ivy, Lowell, 11 days from San Francisco.
For Sail Francisco, per s S Zeelaadia, April 7—Sadie B
Am bktne St Lucie, Erskine, 32 days from Puget Prown, C Hunneberger, Gao Ingram, J Kirk, Mrs ) Kirk,
Sound.
Mr Cray, and Mr and Mrs 1, T Davis
s—Am S S Gaelic, Beanie. 22 days from Hongkong
For San Francisco, per S S Australia, April 9 Mrs I. A
via Yokohama, 12 d.i\s.
Shute,
M C' Pinkerton, A Dotteret, T V Moore, J A
Am hgtne Consuclo. Cousins, 12S days from San
Wood and wife, Wm Drives, Jas Campbell, wife, 3 childFrancis 0.
and
ren
aarvant, Mrs M Hanaiki, Capt Cluney, A G Ca(S Am wh bk Triton, Warren, 11 months from New
bell, T A Bruns, H l.uduington Jr, M P Morrison and
Bedfordand cruise.
wife,
J
T McMillan, G F Cooper, S li Winram, H X
Haw S S Zealandia, Van Oler.ndorp, I.* days
Hines, Capt Howison, F F Porter, Miss L Fitzimmons,
from AucltLaad>
Mrs
Levey and 3 children, Mrs A A Hrown, Ceo
S
J
i.i Brit bk I'hns Bell, Low, 174 days from Cardiff1
C Ashley and 2 children, Mrs Dr
and 157 day.s from Madeira, 52 d iys from Hrown andWwife, Mrs \V
Rodger-.,
Wolters, Mrs II Cooley, W H Purvis, Mrs
Iquique, s .\,
Mrs W M CilTard and child.
Wood,
MoaaarTat,
Julian
S
S
6U
from
San
15 -Am
Mariposa, Hayward,
days
Miss Flleu lorbert, W F Smith, J S Perry and wife, F
Francis'.0.
Green,
Capt
Mrs
Ahlhorn
child, S Cohn, M Adelsdorand
days
S
from
CalCormorant,
H H M
44
Bishop Willis anil wife, Miss M A'cxander,
dera Island, off the western coast of South fer, Dr I'.iilev,
Maria dc Gloria, Mrs Wiard, Lord Dalrymple, A Warner
Ainc ir.i
wife, Miss Schlothauer. Steerage—L llerisnaailll I*'
Am bk Meinmo'i, Fisher, 2S days from Port Dis- and
tit/, (.has Johnson, wifa and 2 children, F Fisher, Mrs
IHoogl
covery,
child, W Russel, H P Long, C Hluhm, II
17—Am bgtne W Q Irwin, McCttllocb, todays IVOIII \V,i;e. and
] Pink, J C McCandleas, M Andrews. 1. McKean,
San Fraiicisct
Sylces,
X
J lianieUta, J Push, C E Fraaher, Otto H
.8 -Am steam bkiue Morning Star, i ~11 land, 44 days Strumpke.
H Stute, Ca|>t H Yon WVtlun, M Odey. A
from Kuk
Kun
C
llurke, M Fre rh:nann, Mrs Healey, J Trim.ten,
19 Am bktne Discovery, McNeil, II days from San
F Piekard, (has Roeder, 61 Portuguese, 7
Mrs
J
b'e,
Francis, o.
21- H I R M S kaiboynik, Wulf, 15 days from tan 1liiiK-c and 1 Japantae*
Toernaeud,
per J A King, April 12- Mrs H H
Pott
For
Marquesas Islands.
22 -Haw bk W B Godfrey, Dabel, 27 days from San Iterry and John H.iU:ock.
Francisco,
|)er bgtne Conauelo, April 13 —Miss
For San
Francisco.
Brit bk Veritas, Johnson, 48 days from Newcas- Hattie NeeJhim, M Kscone and wife, Miss Hose Silva, A
tle, N SW.
F Ronda, and T J Cummings.
Haw sch Jennie Walker, Anderson, 11 days from
For San Francisco, pr-r bk Saiaca, April 14—A Johan
Farming's Island.
sen, wifeand 5 children, J M Servensen, wife and 3 child-■ { Brit bk Island City, Warner,
58 days from New- ren, A Olseu, wife and child, and Mrs T Abrahamsen and
castle, NSW.
2 children.
Brit bk Alice Muir, Varnell, 58 days from NewFor San Francisco, per S N Cas'.le, April 17- (has H
castle. NS W>
H I J M S Tsukuba, Nomura, 20 days from Ta- Atlicrton and wife, W T Rhoads, Mrs X Low and child,
Love,|Mrs J M Oat and child, Mrs J A McKenzie, Mrs
W
hiti.
bk Alice Mary, Low, 59 days from Newcas Mary llrant, Mrs Nickson, Jas F Lawrence, R Moreand
25—Brit lie,
child.
NSW.
For San Francisco, per Natuna, April aind— (has

—

—

-

.

:

DEPARTURES.

Knuppe.

For San Francisco, per Wm G Irwin, April 22nd— H M
April 3-Am bktne Planter, Perriman, for San Francisco. Alexander, Mrs Merrill and a children, Geo Courtney, W
Wodehouse, C C Jansen, H Smith.
bk
for
Port
Townsend.
Atlanta,
Tibbetta,
4—Am
For San Francisco, per Discovery, April 26—Richard
s—Am bk Vilora H Hopkins, Blood, for San FranGcrke.
cisco.
For San Francisco, per Ivy, April 30—A B Perry, and IAm bktne S G Wilder, Paul, for San Francisco.
Turpie.
Ant S S Gaelic, Bearne, for San Francitco.

Volume 46, No. 5.]

RQAKZr.
HAWAIIAN
HONOLULU 11. I.
This page [l ds¥Otsd to the interests of the Hawaiian
Board of Missions, and the Editor, appointed by the
Board is re-ponsible for its contents.

A. O. Forbes,

- - -

39

THE FRIEND.

Editor.

The Hawaiian Board of Missions
having given leave of absence for several months to their Corresponding Secretary who has hitherto edited this page,
and who finds himself obliged to go

The tidings of Rev. Mr. Logan's death
received here via San Francisco
after the issue of the April number of Tin-:
PftlßND.' After a long and severe illness
of fever, he died on the 27th of December*
18S7, leaving a noble record of successful and devoted missionary labor, and
lamented by all who knew him. Rev.
Mr. Treiber and wife, who went out to
Ruk only last year, remain alone at present to carry on the work to which Mr.
Logan devoted his life.
At Ponape, affairs are all quiet at
present, and the missionaries are now
allowed to carry on their work unmolested.
In the Marshall Islands some hiflderances have been thrown in the way by
the German occupation, but the work in
general is still favorably progressing.
In the Gilbert Islands there seems to
have been some retrogression. Yet our
Hawaiian missionaries hold on amid
many discouragements. The Training
School for this group, under Rev. A. C.
Walkup, located on the island of Kusaie,
sends forth every year more or less Gilbert Island teachers to help in the work.
The Morning Slar will sail on her
next voyage as soon as the various orders of the missionaries sent on Baal
can be filled and sent out here, which
will be in about two months, unless circumstances shall arise which may dcher sailing still later.
was

Education, Woman's Work, Medical
Missions, etc.
Christian Literature for Native Converts.

The proper treatment of such questions as Polygamy, Slavery, Caste, etc.
Comity of Missions; and the apportioning of unoccupied fields to difl'erent

Societies.

The choice and training of Missionaries with Reference to different spheres of
labor.
The nature and extent of the Control
abroad in search of health, Rev. James
over Missions, by Committees or
liicknell has been appointed as AssistChurches at home.
ant Corresponding Secretary during his
It is hoped and expected that a grand
absence, and also editor of this page.
impulse will he given by this Conference
to missionary work; that enlarged views
The Morning Slur, Capt. Geo. F.
of the field will he attained; that the rearrived
harbor
from
her
in our
Garland,
sults of broad experience will be made
annual
the
iSth
of
voyage, on
third
available
to all the societies, errors corbeen
absent
nine
months
April, having
rected, and improved methods made
and thirteen days. By her came Mrs.
known; and that fraternal sympathy and
Mary E. Logan, widow of our late laChristian comity in action will be promented missionary brother Rev. R. W.
moted. In all, the churches will be preLogan, together with her son Arthur
for a grand, united and effective
pared
and daughter Beulah.
advance
upon the Kingdoms of DarkThey are on their way home to the
ness.
United States. We are glad to see them
Dr. Judson Smith is to represent the
enjoying good health, and to extend to
A.
B. C. F. M. at this conference. The
them a hearty welcome, while our tenunited
prayers of the Churches throughforth
them
in
derest sympathy goes
to
out
the
world, and especially of all missad
bereavement
which
has
to
the
fallen
GENERAL CONFERENCE ON FOREIGN sionaries are earnestly requested in
lot.
their
MISSIONS.
behalf of the meetings of this conference
The voyage of the Morning Star has
a
Such
Conference
is
to
be
held
and
in
been a prosperous one, though protractof those who are making preparaLondon,
Exeter
the
beginning
Hall,
on
tions
for it.
ed a month beyond what was expected
when she sailed from here last July. gth and continuing to the 19th of June.
A CARD TO THE PUBLIC.
This detention however seems to have Between eighty and ninety missionary
been necessary, owing to contingencies societies in Britain, America, Australia,
To all who have in any way aided in
and the Continent, have already inti- erecting a monument in Waimea, Hawhich could not be foreseen.
The Captain reports an unusual amount matedtheir in tention ofsending delegates- waii, to the memory of Lorenzo Lyons,
addressed.
ofcalm weather, in addition to which, These societies represent all Protestant this card is
The thought of this work did not orithe uncertainty of affairs at Ponape re- denominations. This is true Christian ginate with him. Having some intimasulting from the Spanish occupation, and union in its most vital and practical tion of it a few days before his death, he
later, the sad bereavement of the Mission form—union in the work of saving souls, said, " I do not wish any monument.
at Ruk, in the death of Mr. Logan, and in extending the Kingdom of our Let my work be my monument." He
books he had made, without
rendered necessary two extra trips of the Lord. Similar conferences were held in spoke of the
citing any other work.
with
in
iB6O
and
the
greatest pro1878,
Star between the islands of the Caroline
But all who have known anything of
group. Yet with all this detention, she fit. The object is to stimulate and en- his work since 1831, will feel how small
has steamed only 49 days out of the 55 courage all evangelistic agencies, and to a portion that is, of the work he perwhich are estimated as the number for take advantage of the experience of the formed. The books it is true (especially
the musical books) were for the whole
which provision is made in coaling. She different societies in respect to the many
and probably, no other single
nation,
came back in fine order, and Captain important and delicate questions arising influence (except the Bible) has reached
Garland and his officers are to be con- in the work.
so nearly and with such power, every famAmong the topics proposed, are the ily, and nearly every individual in theland.
gratulated on the neatness and cleanliThis last fact makes such a united effort
ness of every department of the vessel following :
to express their appreciation of the beneSelf-Support and Self-Government in fit
on her arrival here.
conferred the more appropriate.
Native
Churches.
We do not remember ever to have
All who have aided in this work have
Education of Native Evangelists and the hearty thanks of all the bereaved
seen her return from her annual voyage
Pastors.
in such good condition both as to the
family.
Adaptation of Methods to different
vessel herself and as to the engine room
Me ke aloha nui a mau,
and machinery.
states of Barbarism oj Civilization, in
Mrs. Lucia G. Lyons.

.

40

MIay, 1888.

THE FRIEND.

THEHONOLULU,
T. M.H. €.
A.
L
This page is devoted to. the interests of the Honolulu
Young Men's Christian Association, and the Board of
Directors are responsible forits contents.

S. D. Fuller,

-

- -

ANNUAL MEETING.

Editor.

It was so cheering to us that we believe it
can very appropriately find a place in our
annual and final report.
The committee have during the year
made some special efforts toward the
drawing in to our meetings Sunday evening a • greater attendance. Small handbills or dodgers were printed, and were
distributed on eich Sunday morning for
about two months, perhaps more, in the
restaurants and other places cf public resort, these dodgers bearing a cordial invitation to be present at the meetings, the
timeand place being very carefully stated.
But a careful study of results did not showsufficiently well to authorize a continuation of tlrs work.
In concluding our report the committee
would express a belief that the life of our
Association depends entirely upon our
spirituality, and that our spirituality depends very largely upon our entering individually into the work of our Sunday
evening services, maintaining it by our
presence and voice, and therefore that we
have reasonable hope and expectation for
the future.

The annual meeting for the election of
officers was held in conjunction with the
regular monthly meeting, April 19th, when
the following officers were elected for the
ensuing year: VV. W. Hall, President; J.
E. Bidwell, Vice-President; R. VV. Pod
more, Recording Secretary ; E. O. White,
Treasurer ; T. R. Walker, Henry Waterhouse, Directors.
The meeting adjourned to meet Thursday evening, April 26th, for the usual anniversary exercises.
On trje above-named evening the chair
was occupied by Mr. F. J. Lowrey, the retiring President, and a goodly audience
were present, despite the fact of counter
attractions at six different places.
Respectfully submitted,
The programme for the evening opened
William A. Bowen, Chairman.
by singing Gospel hymn No. 61, and
prayer by Rev. W. C. Merritt. Then followed the reports and addresses in the REPORT OF TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE.
order given below, interspersed with singThe temperance work of the past year
ing, one number being a finely-rendered
among
foreigners cannot be claimed as
Professor
and
Mrs.
Van
Slyke.
duet by
the work of this Association, exclusively,
the meetings of the Blue RibREPORT OF COMMITTEE ON DEVOTIONALWORK. although
bon League have been held in our hall
and the work largely performed by some
The committee have on record fifty two of the members of the Y. M. C. A.
Sunday evening gospel services. At these
The Hawaiian branch work, which has
meetings there was an attendance total of been a most successful one, is not inabout 2,630, making an average attend- cluded in this report, but will be given
ance of fifty-two, which happens to be the by the chairman cf the Queen Emma
exact number of the meetings recorded for Hall Committee.
the year. The largest attendance at one
The Blue Ribbon League, which was
time was seventy-nine. The smallest at- organized early in 1887, has been kept up
tendance at any one meeting was thirty- during the past year, and as that work
six. The interest manifested throughout appeared to be a successful one, it was
the year has been good. Those members thought wise by your committee to supthemselves who have taken an active part port this rather than start any new organin the prayer meeting work have, we be ization and thereby weaken the efforts in
lieve, found it a means of a decided the line of temperance.
growth or gain in grace, and the commitWith the exception of a respite during
tee feel decidedly that others of our mem- the Christmas holidays and two or three
bers would have a similar experience and rainy evenings, an entertainment has been
testimony if they would only try it. How given in this hall every Saturday evening
ever, though the w 1 c of the committee since our last annual report in April, 1887.
has not met with all the encouragement in These entertainments have consisted of
the world, there is no occasion for being vocal and instrumental music, readings
discouraged. Indeed, the testimony of and recitations, occupying about an hour,
Mr. Theophilus H. Davies, upon his re- concluding with a practical address from
turn here from England, cheered us ten to twenty minutes in length, and then
greatly. He stated in one of our business an earnest appeal to men, women and
meetings that from a comparative point of children to sign the pledge and don the
view, considering our meetings, the at- blue ribbon.
tendance, the interest manifested and all The Committee on Entertainments, of
at the time before he went to England, which your chairman is the chairman also,
and considering the same things upon bis appreciate the assistance of those whohave
return, he could very plainly see and con- so cheerfully assisted in these entertainscientiously assure us that there had been ments during the year past.
a decided increase, and that we had no
The object of these entertainments has
gocd reason for being discouraged.
been two-fold.
This testimony was drawn out by the
First—To provide a pleasant and profitcharacter of one of our monthly reports. able evening, so as to draw men away from

the saloons, and Saturday evening has
been selected as being the best time in the
week for that purpose.
Second —To induce those who came in

who have not already taken the pledge, to
do so, and the result of the efforts made
in this direction is as follows as shown by
the record book kept for that purpose
One hundred and eight persons have signed the pledge, besides which several others
have signed whose names d ) not appear
in the books, the correct number of whom
is unknown.
Rev. Mr. Gowen, President of the
League, has been a most faiihful worker,
and it is very largely owing to his labors
that interest has been kept up so well this
year.
While these entertainments have not
reached as large a number of those for
whom they were intended as was hoped,
yet they have been the means of doing
much good, especially among strangers
and sailors of the men-of-war and merchant
vessels in our port, quite a number of whom
have taken the blue ribbon.
Your chairman met a mechanic of superior ability a little more than a year ago en
one of the island steamers, who had had
some disappointment and sought to drown
his sorrow by drinking. An invitation
was extended to him to come to the meeting ; he came, took the pledge, and only
last week a letter was received from him
from one of the other islands, in which he
says :
" I rejoice to tell you I still hold on to
the blue ribbon. It has benefited me so
much that I can soon buy myself a home."
Many others can no doubt give similar
testimony.
One important benefit gained during
the past year in the temperance cause is
a growth of public opinion in favor of
prohibition in this city, if not throughout
this group.
Many of the speakers who have addressed the meetings have strongly urged
this point, and there is no doubt but that
their words have produced a deepened
feeling in its favor.
It is unquestionably true that there are
more people in favor of prohibition in
these islands to-day than a year ago, and
this is growing continually.
Let us hope that the day is near at
hand when public opinion will demand
laws abolishing the silc and use of liquors
in this land, and may all interested in the
temperance work labor to that end.
Respectfully submitted,
P. C. Jones, Chairman.

:

REPORT ON HAWAIIAN WORK.
To

the Officers and Members of the
Young Men's Christian Association of
Honolulu.
Gentlemen-: By your generosity a
little over a year ago, the building anc
premises known as Queen Emma Hall'
were placed at the disposal of a specia
standing committee of five to be used fo
the moral and religious improvement of

"

Volume 46, No. 5.]

41

THE FRIEND.

Hawaiians and Japanese. A year's occu- greatly appreciated by the Hawaiians. Hyde's talks on The Life and Claims
pation has demonstrated the usefulness of Miss Green is now on a prolonged tour of of Jesus Christ as the Divine Redeemer
this building, and has shown that the this island, and we may expect much good from Sin." Christianity has been prelarge expenditure of money for rent and will be accomplished by her. A visitor sented as the Divine Life in the Soul of
care of the premises, which is a serious going to Queen Emma Hall on a Friday Man, rather than as a system of religitax upon your resources, is receiving an evening and hearing the Japanese, under ous belief. The eager interest evinced
Mrs. Hyde's leadership, singing gospel in listening to the Gospel story is an
ample return.
Dr. Hyde will report on the Japanese hymns in the basement room and seeing evidence of its Divine power to reach
department. The necessity of -such a the large and well-dressed company of and move human hearts anywhere and
building, furnishing facilities for the social Hawaiians in the rooms upstairs enthusi- everywhere. The attendance has rangand moral improvement of the Hawaiians, astically engaged in a temperance meeting ed from eighteen to fifty-three, averaghad long been felt. Now two well- will gain encouragement and hope for the ing twenty and over. Mrs. Hyde has
lighted and ventilated rooms, supplied future of these races. The annual feast had a singing school every Friday evenwith books and papers, and an ante-room and procession of the Blue Ribbon League ing, with an attendance varying from
for parlor games afford those disposed to will take place on the nth of June, and it thirteen to twenty-seven, and the skill
use them a place where a quiet evening is expected that delegates will be sent acquired in singing Gospel Hymns is
can be spent away from the temptations hither from the Leagues in the different remarkable, when it is considered that
these persons never sang in their lives
of the city. Many avail themselves of districts of the Kingdom.
before.
A reed organ, furnished by
this retreat.
Respectfully submitted for the com- Mrs.
For several months during the year mittee.
J. M. Damon, is a most important
adjunct to the work. A subscription
past a debating society was kept up; free
A. F. Judd, Chiirman.
was taken up among the attendants at
instruction was afforded in vocal music
these services, and enough money seand in English reading, but it has been
JAPANESE DEPARTMENT cured to furnish the rooms with table,
found difficult t) maintain this instruction REPORT OF THE
OF WORK IN QUEEN EMMA book-case,
chandelier, lamp, chairs,
continuously. Religious service for EngHALL.
crockery, etc. When young Aoki left,
lish-speaking Hawaiians has been maintained for the past six months at three When the Japanese laborers were first April 12, 1887, for San Francisco, he
o'clock on Sunday afternoons, and they brought to this country, Feb. 8, 1885, a presented nearly all his private library,
have been beneficial to the rather small Sunday service was at once begun for about 200 Japanese books, which with
number who attend.
their benefit. With the first thousand those received from the Religious Tract
On Friday evening meetings of the Mr. R. W. Irwin had brought S. Aoki, Society in Japan, constitute a library of
Hawaiian Temperance Society or " Blue the nephew of the pastor of one of the very respectable size. Files of Japanese
Ribbon League have been held through- churches in Japan, and made arrange- newspaper are also provided. Mr. Hiout the year, and the audience room, the ments for him to act in any capacity in beino, who has charge of the Japanese
ante-room and the verandas are generally which a young divinity student might Supply Store, has from the first given
well filled. During the year over 500 be helpful to his countrymen. He acted two evenings each week to teaching
have joined the League by signing the as interpreter for Dr. Hyde in the ser- English to some seven or eight«of the
pledge and placing their names on record* vices held every Sunday morning in the Japanese laborers. Every Sunday evenThe meetings open with singing from the upper hall of the Y. M. C. A. building. ing Mrs. Hattie Coleman teaches a most
valuable Temperance Hymn Book" The Hawaiian Board opened in the re- interesting Bible Class, numbering from
printed by the Woman's Christian Tem- citation room of the N. P. M. I. an fourteen to twenty-eight.
perance Union, reading and exposition of evening school to teach English. For
When Rev. Mr. Miyama, last.OctoScripture applicable to temperance, and six months and more Mr. H. M. Dow ber, came from San Francisco to look
prayer. Then follow reading of minutes taught those who wished instruction, after the welfare of his countrymen, opand reports of two standing committees of the Hawaiian Board paying the expenses portunity was taken, with his co-operafive each, who detail their observations of the school. There were few Japanese tion, to put into execution various plans
during the week past of the people as to employed in the city, however, and the which Mr. Damon had for some time had
intemperance, their efforts at reclaiming attendance was too small to warrant a in mind, for a more thorough work for the
the intemperate, and they introduce, amid longer continuance of the experiment. benefit of the Japanese In fact, though
applause, the recruits they have been able The Sunday morning services were con- Mr. Damon is over-burdened with his
to secure. The two Hawaiians who look tinued without intermission, with a vary- own specific work among the Chinese,
after the crews of the Wilder Steamship ing attendance of from five to twenty- it is to his organizing and executive
Company and the Interisland Steamship seven, an average of eight, in the Y. M. ability that the work for the Japanese
Company's vessels are both on these com- C. A. Hall, Hotel street, until ()ueen has been so extended and successful.
mittees, and their efforts have greatly Emma Hall was opened, March 12, A Sunday-school, held at 3 o'clock every
lessened drunkenness among Hawaiian 1887. Then the Chautauqua Literary Sunday afternoon, was organized, with
sailors. Prominent Hawaiians from the Circle, composed mainly of the Attaches Mr. J. E. Bidwell as Superintendent,
outer districts, when present, willingly re- of the Japanese Consulate, meeting on and other Y. M. C. A. members as
spond to calls upon them for addresses, Thursday evenings with Mr. and Mrs. teachers; Miss Nellie Judd Tenders effiand we have had many such during the F. W. Damon at their residence, was cient service as organist.
It has a
year, as well as many by members of your invited to occupy one of the smaller register of nearly thirty members, an
Association and by strangers in the city. rooms, while the large room adjoining attendance of seventeen. A Japanese
Of late the number attending the meet- was offered as a Reading-room and So- Y. M. C. A. was organized, with Conings and the interest have increased, and cial Hall for the use of the Japanese stitution and By-laws similar to the
the average number of new members ad- generally. At the same time invitations Honolulu Y. M. C. A., but with modifimitted wceklf during the past month is were circulated among the Japanese res- cations to adapt it to the circumstances
about twenty. Miss Green, the genial and ident in the city, to meet for a Sunday of the Japanese. Dr. Hyde was chosen
efficient agent of the Woman's Christian morning religious service. There was a President, and Mr. Damon Vice-PresiTemperance Union, has a room fitted up general and hearty response, and these dent. It now numbers 64 members.
in the basement, where she meets the services have been maintained with un- There are four standing committees,
natives for consultation two days in the abated interest, at first in the Reading- with the oversight of different departweek. She is chairman of the standing room, but lately in the upper hall. Most ments of the work—finance, social, educommittees, and her services to the tem- valuable assistance has been rendered cational, religious. The regular busiperance cause are most valuable and are by Sinitchi Ando, in interpreting Dr. ness meeting is held on the first Satur-

"

"

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42

.

[May, 1888J

THE FRIEND.

day evening ot each month, and on the

third a literary and social meeting, with

a manuscript newspaper, essays and
recitations in Japanese and in English;
and, at the close, some slight refreshments of seasonable dainties are served
to the members and invited guests.
The Japanese Mutual Benefit Union
has been organized, under Mrs. Ando as
President, for charitable relief in cases
of sickness and need, and now numbers
over 1,200 members, all over the islands,
with its headquarters in Queen Emma
Hall. More recently, a " Rising Sun
Temperance Society" has been started
numbering about thirty charter members.
In all these enterprises Mr. Taro Ando,
the Japanese Consul, has heartily cooperated as fully as he could, consistently with the impartial discharge of his
official duties, seeking in over}' practicable way to advance the interests and
promote the welfare of his countrymen.
On Mr. Miyama's return to San
Francisco, and in accordance with arrangements made, he engaged a young
Japanese, Mr. T. Shimizu, a licensed
M. E. preacher, to come to the Islands
to do Christian work among the Japanese
under the direction of a committee of
the Hawaiian Board, the expense to be
defrayed from the contributions of the
Central Union Church. Since his arrival (February 7th) he has occupied two
of the smaller rooms in Queen Emma
Hall, as his living room and reception
room.. These were nicely furnished and
fitted for his use by gifts from Mr. H.
Waterhouse and others, through Mr.

Damon.
The work has so far progressed and
so many of the Japanese—ten or twelve

—have expressed a desire for baptism
that it was in contemplation to organize
a Japanese church, the better to develope and strengthen Christian life and
activity. But for the present that plan
is held in abeyance. Rev. Mr. Miyama,
on invitation of Mr. Irwin, and through
his liberality in providing the necessary
funds, returned March 15 to Honolulu.
He brought his wife with him, and has
rented a house on Nuuanu street. They
are devoting themselves to the special
work they came to do, meanwhile assisting heartily and ably in the various departments of work for the Japanese
carried on in Queen Emma Hall. It is
a work full of interest, as the Japaneseare so quick to respond to all kindly
Christian effort in their behalf. It is a
work full of promise, for what is done
here in Honolulu will have its blessed
results of good among the 4,000 Japanese now located in various districts of
the islands, and among their people in
Japan. It is a work that ought to engage the prayers and sympathies of the
whole Christian community, eny of
whom will be heartily welcomed if ever
they wish to inspect or participate in the
work going on for the Japanese in
Queen Emma Hall.

Respectfully submitted,
C. M. Hyde, Chairman.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT.

It seems hardly possible that twelve
36 months have passed since our last annual
Amount of monthly collections...
86 10 meeting, but such is the fact, and we have
Amount of special collection for
this evening to observe the nineteenth
Int'n Committee
25 80 met
Amount received from annual dues
170 00 anniversary of the Young Men's Christian
Amount received from pledges
1,912 00 Association of Honolulu. This AssociaAmount received from book-keeption, planted and maintained here in this
ing class
122 00
metropolis on missionary ground, in the
Amount received from Readingmidst of the great Pacific, is in many reRoom box
7 70
Amount of net proceeds from Dickspects unique. Its .importance as a Chrisenson's lectures
142 15 tian institution and as one cf the forces
Amount of net proceeds from I.efor good in this land cannot be determan entertainment
50 00
Amount of special contribution for
mined by the geographical limits of our
chairs
138 70 city or the number of its population, as
Amount from rent of Hall
90 00 compared with the larger and more popuAmount from special donations...
477 50 lous cities of America.
Amount of special pledges to HaLike any oilier auxiliary of the church,
waiian lira in li
625 00
Amount of mem. fees from Haits full value cannot be determined when
waiian llranch
44 00 considered alone, but must be regarded
Amount received from Japanese Y.
in its relation to the whole as one of the
C.
M.
A
21 65
factors in the great problem of reaching
Total
$3,93 2 96
men with the gospel cf the Son of God.
DISBUKIIMI N I H.
This is especially true of our work in this
ly Salary Gen. Secretary, one year. .8 1,500 00 small but important island centre,
where
Salary Janitor, one year
480 00 we are
but one of so many organized deJ. Da Freitas, teaching Portuguese
class
20 00 partments of Christian work.
Honolulu Water Works, water
During the past year this Association
rates
38 75 has been an attractive and welcome rePeople's Ice and R. Co., for ice...
109 80 sort to a
large number of strangers and
Bell Tel. Co., rent of instrument..
20 00
Post Office, rent of box, postage
resident young men. Here agreeable
and 800 postals
16 01 acquaintances
have been made and
21 75
J. O. Wicke, blackboard, etc
have
been spent pleasantly
leisure
hours
Hawaiian Carriage Manufacturing
2 00 and profitably away from the temptation
Company, for lamp rods
Emeluth & Co., labor on gutter
3 00 of drink and other vices.
E. Ruprecht, calcimining rooms..
50 00
We know of several young men in this
Hawaiian Evangelical Association,
city
and some who have gone away who
for hymn-books
18 75
Tuning piano
5 00 owe a conscious debt of gratitude to this
Davis & Wilder, bill for ice
1 00 Association for their present standing and
P. C. Advertiser, for advertising..
2 50
success. A few other young men with
H. Adams, paid for collecting dues
1 25
whom we have been privileged to counsel
for
on
Howler,
00
repairing
ceiling
J.
30
J. H. Soper, bill for periodicals...
91 58 would have had less to regret to-night if
Pacific Hardware Co., bill for oil
6 00 they had frequented the Association more
C. E. Williams, bill for 90 chairs
138 70 and made its friends their companions inAmount for P. O. order for Interof following an opposite choice.
national Convention
25 80 stead
Havttiiun Gazette, one year's subWhile a very good interest has been
scription and printing postals...
15 50 maintained in our religious meetings, yet
21 18
J. T. Waterhouse, bill for sundries
there has been no special revival spirit, as
The Friend, printing Y. M. C. A.
page and extra copies
75 90 many of us have prayed for and had
E. O. Hall & Son, bill for oil and
hoped to see.
sundries
46 go
During the visit of Mr. T. H. Davies
I.ewers dv; Cooke, bill for sundries.
45 04 and his nephew, who recently returned to
S. D. Puller, bill for sundries
29 55
Castle & Cooke, bill for sundries..
14 00 London, they conducted eleven interestIlewett,
bill
for
sundries.
A. M.
3 00 ing services for children in our hall and
J. Nott, bfll for sundries
7 75 organized a Scripture Union, which meets
C. Brewer & Co., bill for oil
70 oo one Sunday afternoon each month.
Press Publishing Co., printing...,
6 25
Honolulu Water Works, water
Tor about one-half the year we have
rate for Emma Hall
Ai 25 maintained a Sunday morning liible class
J. T. Waterhouse, bill for sundries,
in the parlor for transient young men and
..
Batata Hall
11 35
those of our members who did not meet
Lewers & Cooke, bill for sundries.
Emma Hall
34 00 for Bible study elsewhere. The average
Amount paid for carpentering
attendance was seven. Of late the class
work, Emma Hall
60 00 has been discontinued and the
morning
Amount paid for teaching music at
Emma Hall
8 00 spent in visiting the shipping, distributing
Amount paid for Janitor of Emma
reading matter and inviting the men to
Hall
177 00 attend the church and Association meetAmount paid for rent of Emma
Hall
650 00 ings.
The
Pay of prayer for Associations "
Amount paid for sundries for
Emma Hall
22 80 was observed, the work of the InternaTiX9o6
36 tional Committee presented, and $25 colBalance to New Year's account
26 60 lected for the same.
Total
.$3,932 96
For lectures and some cf the more
:. & 0. E.
O.
Treasurer.
popular kinds of entertainment we are
White,
E.
Receipts.

o Balance on hand from last year.. $

20

...

..

.
..

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..

Volume 46, No. 5.]

43

THE FRIEND.

rather dependent upon our neighbors who have in any way assisted to encourage tom. I stood there and saw the sun
across the water, and they have not been and further this branch of the Master's sink behind the mountains of the westvery generous with us the past year. We work, in which we have beet) especially ern side of the valley, and watched the
S. D. Fuller,
shadows creep across and around the
have had the following occasional gather- engaged.
different features so far below me.
Secretary.
lectures,
one
enterGeneral
ings : Sdven
benefit
Again I saw the silvery light of the
tainment, two receptions for the crews of

American and British men-of war and two
informal socials for young men.
Besides these we have had the regular
weekly meeting of the Blue Ribbon
League, which has combined a good,
practical temperance talk with a fine literary and musical programme by our best
local talent, thus furnishing an attractive
entertainment nearly every Saturday evening of the year.
Air. P. C. Jones has continued to teach
a class in book-keeping every Monday
evening when not absent from the city.
We have received a large number of
calls for employment, but have found it
possible to find situations for only a small
percentage of the applicants.
In a few instances relief has been given
to worthy young men who were strangers
and in distress.
There have been eleven business meetings of the Association, with an average
attendance of twenty-six. The Board of
Directors have had ten meetings, with an
average attendance of five.
Twenty new members have been received during the year, but this number
of additions is counterbalanced by the
loss of old members, so we have not advanced beyond the membership of one
year ago, which was 196.
The Y. M. C. A. Boys have had their
prosperity somewhat interrupted by
changes in leadership, but they are now
re-organized, with Mrs. B. F. Dillingham
for President, and a renewed interest is
already apparent.
The reading room is supplied with forty-five periodicals. This includes all our
local papers that are printed in English,
some of the leiding secular and religious
publications of America and England, one
Portuguese and two German papers.
Some of these are kindly contributed byfriends. Further additions would be thankfully received.
The daily attendance upon the Reading
Room has ranged from fifteen to ninety,
which is large for a tropical city of this
size.
The branch work at Queen Emma Hall,
in the interest of Hawaiian and Japanese
young men, as a whole, has been very encouraging and valuable, as you have learned by the reports read. The claims of
this work have met with generous financial support from some of the business men
not members of our Association, but who
have our thanks for their welcome aid.
We are conscious that our service has
been very imperfect, yet desire to acknowledge the Divine goodness and help of our
Heavenly Father, in what has been accomplished. And to extend our grateful
thanks to the friends with whom we have
associated, for their uniform courtesy and
kindness ; to the Press of the city for their
friendly and helpful notices; and to all

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS.

Ladies and Gentlemen and Fellow-

members of the Y. M. C. A.: During
this past Association year it has been
my privilege to look upon grander

scenes in nature than ever in my life before, and by them to have been led to
more of a realization of the new
thoughts and feelings which arc thus

inspired.
Among forests of giant trees standing
in their majesty and defying <*jl the
elements, yet among them those which
in their long existence have, after years
and years of strength, been overcome
by that same power which brought them
into being; among mountains whose
bases were clothed with verdure, and
whose tops were capped with snow;
among the wild flowers of hill and valley, with their bright and happy faces,
and among streams differing from the
laughing brook as it twines in and out
among the pebbles of its bed to the
rushing, roaring mountain torrent as it
plunges wildly over and about every
obstruction and finally leaps over the

precipice before it.
In the wonderful Valley of the Yo-

semite it seemed to me I was in the
very presence of God. The first bursting of the view of the whole valley upon
one is a moment to be remembered, and
the effect is varied, from the exclamation of surprise to the silence which can
only express the feelings of others.
For the variety and beauty of its
waterfalls one must go a long way to
find its equal. From the soft and
beautiful sheet of water, swayed from
side to side by. the wind, aitd ever
changing its always pleasing aspect
the well-named "Bridal Veil" —one
turns to the grander rush of waters over
the Yosemite or stands beside the roaring Nevada, and is unable to say which
impresses him the most deeply or
whether in the light music of the one or
the deep organ tones of the others is the
most perfect harmony.
On the banks of the lovely Mirror
Lake you may stand and see reflected
at once in all the exactness of the originals three of the high mountain peaks
about it and the rising sun as it appears
over the crest, showing in the water like
a huge electric light.
Wonderful and enchanting as were
the many scenes connected with my
short visit, none could equal those obtained from the grand Glacier Point. I
stood there, with a sheer descent before
me of 3,500 feet, at noon, and saw the
Vernal and Nevada Falls in the distance, with lovely rainbows across them.
Later in the afternoon I saw them one
mass of rainbow colors from top to bot-

—

nearly full moon, as it shone through
the brisk, cold air, bathe the Yosemite
Fall with its radiance until it looked
like a great white specter. After a brief
rest, once more I sought the Point, and
now all below me was nearly dark, and
where I was it was only beginning to
get light. Before and beneath were the
two arms of the valley; behind was
Sentinel Dome, and across, ranging for
about two-thirds of the whole horizon,
were the peaks of the Sierra Nevadas,
many of them snow-capped, the one
directly in front the majestic Half Dome.
And here, exercising to counteract the
extremely low temperature, I watched
the dawn and break of day. Very gradually the various objects assumed definite shape and new features presented
themselves ; the crowing of cocks and
lowing of kine came up from the valley ;
more distant peaks could be discerned,
and soon the sheen from the clear surface of Mirror Lake could be seen amid
the dark trees which surround it.
But these are only suggestions of
what was to follow. The sky was cloudless, and soon one of the snow-tipped
points far away glistened and gleamed
as it caught the first ray of the sun and
reflected it towards me; and now another
and another catch it until they stand out
like spires reaching toward heaven.
Lingering but a short time about these
elevated peaks, the rays soon reach the
lesser points between, and soon it is a
study to watch the various aspects of
light and shadow. One moment and a
point is in the shade of a more pretentious neighbor, the next, and it has
caught the eye of the sun, and is in like
manner shading one behind and a trifle
below. Now the direction of the rays
apparently change as they begin to strike
into the valley and, from my position,
over seven thousand feet in elevation,
and half that distance above the floor of
the valley, yet still in the shadow of the
wonderful South Dome opposite, yet
towering fifteen hundred feetabove me, I
watched with exceeding interest the bars
of light, and shadow as they extended
from the tops of the mountains into the
depths of the valley; as they shifted and
changed, the light continually gaining
new points until the orb of day appeared
majestically over the top of the Dome,
and, having surmounted the last obstacle,
bathed the whole valley below with the
light of another day; and having seen
the changes from death to life, as it were,
with a full heart I withdrew.
Standing amid such scenes, one can
but be impressed with the beauty of
nature; but it must be a cold heart
which does not turn from these to the
Power which created them and rules
over all. The'same harmony and com-

44
pleteness which we see and delight in,
in some grand view, we may find just as
complete in the smallest object about us.
Not only are we impressed with those
things, but with the fact of our belonging ourselves to this same creation.
And while we have the joy and delight
of feeling that we may intelligently walk
or climb about among these scenes, yet
how small and insignificant our bodies
seem when compared to the magnitude
of these mountain peaks, or the forces
which we see beside us in these foaming
waters.

It seemed a beautiful illustration in
nature to me, as I witnessed this dawn
and break of day, of the condition of the
world as it was at one time, all in darkness, and then the coming of the light
of the Gospel, first faint and indistinct
seeming afar off, then gradually getting
nearer, illuminating a mind here and
there which stood far above its neighbors, its rays caught and reflected from
one to another, until the full break of
that day, when this light is over all but
the most secluded places, and when
nearly every one may enter into and enjoy its benefits, unless he from his own
choice prefer to remain in the darkness.
We are supposed to be in this light.
Are we reflecting it beyond and about us
to those who have not yet felt its influence? Or are we absorbing all of the
light which strikes us and casting a
shadow over them ? Look in any direction about us, and 'do we not see these
same rays of light and shadow? Amid
the supposed brightness and freedom
from care which many seem to think
there is in the possession of large
amounts of this world's goods, do we
not often see the deep shadows of unhappy lives ? On the other hand, where
poverty appears to be darkening the very
existence, yet the light of love overcoming all!
The child in its innocent play finds
that not all is as he would have it, and
fleeting as they may be, the shadows will
occasionally darken his usually bright
horizon.
The man of business finds not all
times alike, but that some come which
try and test him severely.
The shadow of death falls and for a
time darkens even the happiest of homes.
The mother finds much joy in watching and guiding the unfolding of the
young minds about her, but some pass
through the experience of finding one
which does not respond to their efforts.
Those who labor especially in bringing the Gospel before men for their acceptance, whether it be among those
who are their peers in intelligence and
learning, or among the minds yet darkened by heathenism, must find great
pleasure in witnessing this light accepted by some, yet great sorrow in seeing
that it reflects no answering rays from
others.
The bursting of the light of freedom
upon a multitude of slaves was accom-

THE FRIEND.
panied by how many, many shadows of
suffering? And even the progress of
Christianity has been marked by scenes
dark and terrible.
Yet, while looking in whicheverway we
may, and finding these shades about us,
do they not only intensify the brightness;
and are they not the exception, while
the rule is light and love ?
It seems to me that this is a beautiful
world, and, in enjoying it, that we should
not forget to be thankful for it, and that
we should from time to time consider
the relation in which we each stand to
it, and feel the responsibilities which our
privileges impose upon us. This is a
personal matter to and for each, jet the
same is true for us as an association.
We -re organized for a purpose, and
appear before the community in this
role. Are we doing our duty, and meeting the expectations of those interested
in our work ? There are shades about
us, and hearts of the class for which we
labor, in darkness.
Is there a light
shining from here which penetrates this
gloom ? If we succeed in interesting
any, and, through this association
and its appliances, draw any from
paths of idleness or vice, it is well;
but forget not that our aim is not
reached unless these are brought under
such influence of Christian knowledge
and example as shall lead them to receive the light of the Gospel of Christ,
and accept the salvation which is through
Him.
We are engaged as an Association in
a special work, and doing our small part
in what is a grand whole. When we
were discussing plans for this building,
and whether or not it should combine a
gymnasium with its other appliances, a
prominent gentleman remarked, in effect,
that while the members of any Christian
association might be a fine lot of men
intellectually and morally, it was not a
class from which, or in which, you expected to see any muscular development or power. That those who were
strong spiritually were weak physically.
For a most emphatic refutation of such
an idea, one should see the General Secretaries of the United States in conference. In attending one of these sessions, I was most strongly impressed
with the idea of being in the presence of
one of the most powerful set of men,
physically and spiritually, that I had ever
seen. Their absorbed interest in the
questions before them, their capacity for
accomplishing work, and their consecration was remarkable. The work of these
Associations is looked upon in that country as one of great power, and productive of much and lasting good. Remembering that we are part of this
union of Associations can we not, at the
close of this year, make new resolutions,
and determine that this next year shall
be one of devoted service, and if so,
memorable in the history of this Association as accomplishing the objects for
which we strive.

May, 1888J
Shadows may at times be about us,
but does not the fact of their presence
show that there is a powerful light above
and behind that which casts the shadow ?
Let us faithfully labor to obtain and
reflect what light we can, knowing
that if we are faithful we shall at last
come into the fullness of light which
there is in the presence of Him who
says,"I am the light of the world: he
that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light oflife."
REMARKS OF NEW PRESIDENT.

In undertaking the duties of this office,
1 regret that my time and energies are already taxed so heavily in other directions
chat I will not be able to give to this important work the thought and care it
should have, but I shall do the best I can.
The success of the Y. M. C. A. work,
and the amount of good that will be accomplished, will not depend on the efforts

alone of the officers, or the members of
the Association, but on the united efforts
of all, working under the leadership of our
blessed Master.
The work to be done by our Association seems to increase year by year, so we
should renew our exertions and not allow
the interest to flag in any way. I trust
that each of the Committees appointed to
attend to the different departments of the
work, will plan wisely and carry out their
plans in a way to bring the best results in
reaching the young men of Honolulu.
Let us go forward with the prayer and
hope that God will bless our Association
in the future as He has in the past, and
even more abundantly.
I take pleasure in announcing the following Standing Committees, as appointed
by the Board of Directors for the coming
year:
Devotional Work—J. B. Atherton,
Cairman ; W. A. Bowei), S. E. Bishop, J.
M. Whitney, E. C. Damon, T. G. Thrum,
W. Terry.
Temperance—P. C. Jones, Chairman ;
J. E. Bidwell, H. H. Gowen, J. A. Dower.
Visitation—G. P. Castle, Chairman;
A. F Cooke, W. O. Atwater, R. W. Podmore, L. P. Hanson, J. C. Marchant.
Welcome—Henry Hyde, Chairman ;
E. A. Jones, I). Shepherd, G. A. Neth,
H. Wichman. J. A. Gonsalves, Wm. Forbes,
T. R. Walker, C. Crozier, J. N. Keola,
Thomas Williams, D. Douglass, C. H.
White.
Entertainment—F. J. Lowrey, Chairman ; P. C. (ones, J. T. Waterhouse, Jr.,
T. May, C. M. Cooke, E. O. White, T.
R. Walker.
Employment—B. F. Dillingham, Chairman ; J. H. Soper, N. F. Burgess.
Reading Room —Dr. C. M. Hyde.
Chairman ; T. G. Thrum, E. C. Damon,
Finance —C. M. Cooke, Chairman ; P.
C. Jones, J. B. Atherton.
Hawaiian Branch —Hon. A. F. Judd,
Chairman; P. C. Jones, Dr. C. M. Hyde,
H. Waterhouse, S. D. Fuller.
I would request that each Committee

45

THE FRIEND.
be called by the Chairman as soon as possible, to organize and plan for the work of
the year. It is to be hoped that this will
be done before our next regular monthly
meeting, so that a report of progress can
be had from each Committee.
After the concluding hymn the audience
were invited to remain for a social hour,
and indulge in an ample supply of ice
cream and cake. This met with hearty
approval, and appropriately closed the exercises of the evening and the work of the
year.

.

TOPICS.

The Y. M. C. A. Gospel Service is held
every Sunday evening at 6:30, and the
topics for the month will be as follows:
May 6—Help for every Temptation.
Cor. 10:11-13.
May 13—Following Christ involves
Self-Denial. Mat. 16:21-26.
May 20 —God's Blessing Conditional.
1

Kings, 9:1-9.
May 27 —Promises to Rest on.

32:7-8.

Mat.

11:28-30.

2

Chron.

BOOK NOTICE.

The Temperance Movement, or the Conflict between Man and Alcohol. By Hon. Henry
W. Blair, U. S. Senator from New Hampshire.

This work, which has just been issued
by the William E. Smythe Publishing
House of Boston, is pronounced by Miss
Willard the "best temperance encyclq-"
paedia and picture gallery we have had."
The book of 550 pages, of the finest
style of execution, packed full of statements and statistics of the greatest
value, with fifty-seven full-page portraits of the leading temperance workers
of the United States, both men and
women, by such a man as Senator Blair,
who has for many years stood as the
representative legislator on this great
question, demands a fuller notice than
can be given it now. Of the twentyfive chapters thirteen are devoted to the
scientific and economic aspects of the
subject, comprising such subjects as
"A Study of Alcohol," "Effects of Alcohol upon the Soul and Body," "Alcohol Not a Food," "Scientific Investigations," "Alcohol in Medicine," "Alcohol is Pauperism and Crime," etc. In
the last-named chapter are given some
facts which certain "anti-prohibitionists" in our own midst would do well to
ponder. For example: The fifth annual
report of the Board of State Charities
for Massachusetts makes the following
statement: "Overseers of the poor
variously estimate the proportion of
crime and pauperism attributable to the
vice of intemperance, from one-third in
some localities to nine-tenths in others."
The Inspector of the Massachusetts
State Prison in 1868 says that "About
four-fifths of the number committed the

crimes for which they were sentenced
either directly or indirectly by the use of

intoxicating drinks." Judge Noah Davis the liquor traffic the personation of all
of New York says that ninety per cent, sin, and in destroying it achieves the
of the criminal business of the courts is salvation of the race. The hopes and
caused by the liquor traffic. Eight affections of domestic life have discovthousand of the ten thousand arrests in ered in it their great enemy, and are
Baltimore in 1873 were due to the use concentrating against the destroyer of
manhood, womanhood, childhood, home.
of liquor.
Several chapters are devoted to the Yes; all the aroused faculties of the
remedies for this evil, both moral and masses of men are in action to achieve
legal, and a discussion of license and independence of the tyrant of the ages,
prohibition. In regard to the latter and all the attributes and powers of
point, the writer reaches the inevitable Almighty God are pledged for their
conclusion that, while State prohibitory success."
M. S. W.
legislation is desirable, it is only a partial protection, and is particularly valPeople have to pay for being stupid.
uable as a nucleus of that agitation
Money cannot make brains, but brains
which forms public opinion, and will can make money.
lead gradually up to that universal pubAn ass is none the wiser because he
lic judgment which, sooner or later, will is loaded with books.
amend the Constitution of the tountry
Make your mind clean if you wish to
so as to prohibit absolutely this baneful have a clean life. If we suffer ourselves
traffic by national law. In my humble to think in vile ways, we shall become
judgment," he says,"the temperance vile.
reform waits on the comprehension of We want to avail ourselves of the
this thought, and will practically fail pressure of theistic motives, not so much
until national prohibition is adopted as for the sake of keeping the children out
the plan of battle."
of hell by and bye, as for the sake of
The remainder of the book is devoted keeping hell out of the children now.
to the historical and present aspects of
We cannot prevent passing thoughts
the temperance reform. A long chapter on evil things, but we need not cherish
is given to a roll call of the churches, in and prolong them. "We cannot prevent
which the writer takes up severally all the birds from flying over our heads, but
the leading protestant denominations, we can keep them from building nests in
and shows that with hardly an exception our hair."
they have publicly placed themselvesupon
record as in favor of total abstinence for
BIRTHS.
the individual and total prohibition by ERSKINE-On February 17, 1888, at Utsalady, Island
the
wife
of Capt. J. T. Krskiiie, master
T.,
W.
to
land.
The remarkable County,
1the law of the
of ihe barkentint St. I.ucit, a daughter. The infant will
temperance agitation taking place among bear the name hsta Lucie.
DAIGGfcR—In Honolulu, April Bth, to the wife of Ben.
Roman Catholics is also dwelt upon at Daiggrr,
a daughter.
SNEYD KY.nNKRSLEY—At the Vicarage, Uttoceter,
some length, giving also the Pope's letStaffordshire, March 23rd, to thewife of Clement Sne>d
ter to Bishop Ireland of Minnesota, Kynnersley, Epq., a son.
LOSE—At Honolulu, April 19, to thewife of H. Lose, a
dated March 27th, 1887, highly com- son.
mending the work of the Catholic Total MOURITZ-In Honolulu, April aBth to the wife of Dr.
Abstinence Society, and urging all the Mouritz, a daughter.
MARRIAGES.
clergy, and especially the priests, to be
SLYKE-HANFORD—At Honolulu, April sth,
most zealous in driving the " plague of byVAN
Key.
the
J. A. Beckwith. I). D., assisted by the Rev.
M. Hyde, U. D.. Prof. L. ).. Van Sl>lte to Mr». J. E.
intemperance from the fold of Christ, by C.Hanford.
assiduous preaching and exhortation, BKUNDAGF—BUCHANAN-At the residence ofW.
Buchanan, April 7, by the Key. Mr. Beckwith, Mr. N.
and to. shine before all as models of ab- K.
\V. Brundage to Miss Helen Y. Buchanan.
please copy.
stinence, and so the many calamities MS" Sacramentopapers
GLADE-YON HOLI —In St. Andrew's(■'. Cathedral,
with which this vice threatens both April
W. Glade
10, by the Key Alex. Mackintosh, Mr.
Miss Bertha Yon Hut.
Church and State may, by their strenu- toMci;HKsNEV-OHADWICK-InSanFrancisco,March
ous endeavors, be averted."
281 h, Mr E. K. McChesney to Miss U. F. Chadwick both
San Francisco.
We recommend the careful study of ofMil
LER—WATSON—At Honokaa, Hamakua, Hathis work to every thoughtful man and argil, April 5, 1888, by the Rev. Mortimer silver, Charles
Day d Mi ler to Harriet Alice Walson, sister in-law to Dr.
woman who has any doubt of the multi- H. B. Greenfield.
this city, April a6th, by Rev. H.
tude and magnitude of the evils of the H-GIBB->—AHUNA—In
Parker, Howard I. Gibbs to Miss Annie Ahuna.
drink habit—of the power of its bondage, DOW.iE'iT-WIf>EMANN.-ln this city, April 30th,
St. Andrew's Cathedral, by Rev. Alex Mackintosh, J.
and the hosts arrayed in its defense—of in
M. Dowsett to Miss W. Widemanr.
the enemies we must fight and the warDEATHS.
fare we must wage before victory shall PEDERSEN—At the Queen's Hospital, April 6th, o
come —and that, as certain as any of peritonitis, Lars Peder*cn, a native of Norway, aged 25
years.
these that victory will come I
BKOWNELL—In Honolulu, April 10th, Captain Gideon
Vinell
Brownell, a native of New Bed ord, Mass, aged 44
"The intelligence which comes of in- years and
6 months. [t4f Boston, New Bedford, New
York
and
San Francisco papers please copy.
has
now
forced
the
cessant agitation
Honolulu, April 12th, Sophia Louisa,
issue to the front, where it stands as the wifeROBINSON—At
of Hon. Mark P Robinson, and daughter of Mr. Alex.
Campbell, aged 36 years and 4 months, a native of Shrews*
great moral, sentimental and even in- bury,
New Jersey, U. S.
dustrial problem of the times. Evasion MORE—In this city, April 16, Grace, beloved wife of
Robert
More, a native of San Francisco, aged a6 years, a
or escape from it is no longer possible. monthsand
12 days.
It confronts all political parties, and LOGAN—At Ruk, December 37, Rev. R. W. Logan, a
Medina, Co., Ohio, aged 44 years and 7
native
of
York,
where they neglect or refuse to con- months.
O.RDNKR-At Nordhoff, Cal., March 38, Jamas W
sider, it creates new ones, and old Gardner,
a native of Toledo, Ohio, aged 34 years and 7
things pass away. Religion finds in months.

"

THE FRIEND.

46

y

M. C. A. BUILDING,

T D. LANE'S

Corner of Hotel and Alakea Sts.,
HONOLULU!
S. D. FULLER, General Secretary.

MARBLE WORKS,
No. 130 Fort Street, near Hotel,
Manufacturer of

Head

Monuments,

FREE READING ROOM

Stones,

Tombs,

Tablets, Marble Mantles, Marble work of every

Open every day from 9 a. ni. to lo p. ni., and
DESCRIFHON MADE TO ORDER AT THE
supplied with Ihe Leading Periodicals
from various parts of the world.
lowest possible rates.

YOUNG MEN'S BIBLE CLASS,
Coaducted by the General Secretary, meets Sundays at 10 a. m.
Gospel Praise Service
on Sunday evenings at 6:45.

BLUE RIBBON LEAGUE ENTERTAINMENT
Every Saturday Evening at 7:30, Rev. 11. 11.

Monuments and Headstones Cleaned and Re-set.

INGS
7:30

HAWAIIAN

JOHN

fei-88

Worker,

Hcrsc-Shooins in all its Branches,
Done in the most workmanlike mnner.
Racing and trotting Shoes a specialty. Rates rea«onab TeHighest award and Diploma fur handmade Shoes at the
Hawaii Exhibition, 1864. Horses taken to and from the
shop whe 1 de&'.red.
janB7yr
J. W. McDONALD, Propr'etor.

SHIPPING & NAVY CONTRACTOR
JOSEPH TINKER,

Family and Shipping Butcher,

Residences, Views, Etc. taken to order

BOOK BINDER,
"FRIEND" BUILDING, UPSTAIRS,
Book Binding, Paper Ruling, and Blank Book Manufacturing in all it. Branches.
Good Work Guaranteed and Modtrate Charger
feb-88

WOODLAWN

DAIRY & STOCK

COMPANY,

jsnB7yr

UPHOLSTERY.
Chairs

to Rent.

febs7

riHAS. HAMMER,
Manufacturer andDealer in allkinds of

$ HARNESS.

Orders from the other Islands promptly att< mied to.

janB7yr.

p

E. WILLIAMS,
Importer, Manufacturer, Upholsterer and

Dealer in all kinds of Furniture.
Furniture Warerooms in New Fire-proof Building.
Nos.

in

Fort Street and 66 Hotel Streets.

Agency Detroit S-ifc Co. Feather, Hair, Hay and Eureka
Maiti esses and Pillows, and Spring Mat treses on hand and
made to order. Pianos and Sew.ng Machines alway* on
hand and f,r sale or rent. Pest Vioiin and Guitar Strings
and all kin s of Musical Instruments for sale as cheap as
the cheapest.

pEORGE

Ready to Deliver Freightand Baggage of Every Description

LUCAS,

HONOLULU STEAM PLANING

You will alw.-.ys find on your arrival

With Promptness and Desp. tch.
Both Telephones, No. 66.
Office, Si King Street.
juB7yr.
Residence 118 Nuuanubtnet.

MILL,
ESPLANADE, HONOLULU, H. I.
Manufacturerofall kinds of MouMincs,R rackets. Window
Frames, Blinds, hashes. Doors, and all kinds of Woodwork
hinish. Turning, ?*croll and Band Sawing. All kinds if
Planing, Sawing, Morticing and Tenanting. Ord. rsi romptly attended to, and wo.k Guaranteed. Orders frit) the
j a 11 £7 > r
other Islandssolicited.

THE

POPULAR MILLINERY
HOUSE.
104

Fort Street, Honolulu, H. I.

N. S. SACHS,

Proprietor,

Direct Importer

of
MILK, CREAM, BUTTER,
MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS

AND LIVE STOCK.

and

BAGGAGE EXPRESS
SANDERS'
(M. N. Sanders, Proprietor.)

feb-88

T C. MARCHANT,

MANUFACTURERS OF

CITY MARKET, Nuuanu Street.
All orders delivered with qukk dispatch and at reasonable rates. Vegetal le- fresh every morning.
Telephone 289, both Companies.
janB7>r

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER,

PHOTOQRAPAER,

No 74 King Street,

Honolulu, H. I.

Bell Telephone, iBt.

T A. GONSALVES,
129 Fort Street. Honolulu,

TJOPP & CO.,

SADDLERY

niTY SHOEING SHOP,
Fort-St.. opposite Pantheon Stables.

THOS. G. THRUM,
Publisher, Honolulu.

Subscriptions r< ceived for any Paper or Magazine published, hpectal ordersreceived for any Hooks published.
janB7yr.

FURNITURE

Plumber, Gas Fitter, etc,

News Dealer.

and

25 Merchant Street, Honolulu, H. I.

TIN, COPPER AND SHEET IRON

FOR 18S8.

Address:

Stationer

IMPORTERS &

NOTT,

ALMANAC & ANNUAL

This regular and favorite publication
is now in its fourteenth
and has
proved itself a reliable handbook of
reference on matters Hawaiian; conveying
a better knowledge of the commercial,
agricultural, political and social progress
of the Islands than any publication extant.
Orders from abroad or from the other
islands attended to with promptness.
Price—lo Postal Union Countries 60
cts. each, which can be remitted oy Money
Order. Price to »ny part of these islands
30 cents each.
Back numbers to 1875 can be had, excepting for the years 1879,1882 and 1883.

Successor to

J. M. Oat, Jr.. & Co.

Orders frcm theother islands Promptly attended to.

Stoves and Ranges of all kinds Pluu bers' Stock and
Muals, House Furnishing Goods, Chandeliers,
Lamps, Etc.
p. m.
Jan&7yr
Kaahumanu St., Honolulu.

EVERYBODY MADE WELCOME.

SOPER,

janB7yr

GOWAN, President.
MONTHL Y BUSINESS MEET-

The Third Thursday of each month, at

JH.
•

Ladies' and Gent's Furnishing Goods.
janB7yr

HONOLULU IRON

WORKS CO.,

MANUFACTURERS UF

MACERATION TWO-ROLL MILLS,
With Patent Automatic Feed.
Double and Tripple Effei is, Vacuum Pans and Cleaning
fans, 'team and Water Pip-s, Brass and Iron Fittings J?
all descriptions, etc.
HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO.
anB7.vr

"HEAVER SALOON,
H. J. N.OLTE, Proprietor,
TEMPERANCE COFFEE HOUSE,
Fort Street, Honolulu.
Best Quality of Cigars, Cigarettes, Tobacco, Smokers' Armayß6
ticles, etc., always on hand.