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THE FRIEND.
Volume

HONOLULU, H. I.JUNE, 1888.

46.

XITM. R. CASTLE,

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Number 6.

43

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The Friend.
HONOLULU. H. 1., JUNE, 1888.

Volume 46.

Thr Kkihnd is published the first day of each month, a
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- -

CONTENTS.
A Conservative legislature
M iss t. G. Morley
Rev Robert W. Logan
Ancient Systems of Land Tenure.
Monthly Record of Events
Marine Journal, Births, Marriages and Deaths
Hawaiian Board
V.M.C.A..
Dr. Beckwith on the Sabbath
Social Effects of Protestantism

Editor
fJUeM
45

45

46
47
59
5..
51
12

rcT'tr

"

A CONSERVATIVE LEGISLATURE.

The regular biennial session of the
Legislative Assembly was opened in due
form by the King last Tuesday. Organization was promptly completed, and
business actively pushed by notice of
thirty Bills given on the same day,
Hon. S. G. Wilder was unanimously
reelected President. This indicates the
careful and conservative character ot the
body. It is very many years since any
session of former legislatures could be
expected without grave apprehension of
mischievous and destructive action. Such
expectation was fully realized in the last
legislature, notably in the Opium law,
the Kahuna law, the Loan law, and the
Man-of-war law. Now we have a governing body which in a high degree represents the most intelligent and prudent
people of the Islands. We may expect
from them only beneficent legislation,
and such modifications of existing arrangements as will conserve and establish the public welfare.
We wish to emphasize the fact that
the present Legislature is not only an
honest and patriotic one, but in a high
degree, a conservative one. We use the
term in its best sense as meaning aversion to rash and ill-considered changes,
but not to sound and wholesome progress. It means the establishment and
maintenance ofthe safeguards of society,
and increased protection against corrupting and destroying agencies—not
the conservation of old abuses.
The constituency of the present House
guarantees its sound conservatism.

One half of the Assembly, the Nobles,
were chosen by a select constituency of
all citizens enjoying six hundred dollars
of income, composed chiefly ofthe skilled artizans, and well-to-do farmers and
graziers as well as tradesmen —men accustomed to prudent and practical activity. The other half representing the
total citizenship, were elected by constituencies who generally voted independently, and certainly without official
intimidation or royal gin to pervert their
votes. As a result the half-parasite,
half-demagogue class of members which
predominated in late Legislatures have
been mostly weeded out, and the sound,
conservative, experienced men are again
to the fore.
Many persons who are strangers to
the country, and many residing abroad
who feel interest in this little nation,
fall into the error of thinking of our Reform Party as the Radical one, whereas
the contrary is the obvious fact. The
Reform Party is soundly Conservative.
It was the old Palace party which was
gisyen to reckless change and wild scheming. Witness the Moreno escapade—
ten million loan projects—opium factory
schemes—national bank monopoly—Pacific empire visions—constant sudden
changes of ministers—seven years Premiership of a broken down adventurer.
This crazy management had nearly
ruined the Kingdom, so that the solid
conservatism of the country was compelled to seize the reigns of power which
it holds, we trust firmly and permanently.

We do not here feel called upon to
advocate any particular measures proposed. This Assembly doubtless has
important measures to consider. It has
the important task, one requiring the
greatest wisdom and firmness, of doing
whatever is needful to consolidate and
perfect constitutional and liberal government, and to render any farther
attempt at a crazy autocracy impossible.
In accordance with the Constitution, the
Legislative Assembly is the chief depositary of power. It controls the Cabinet,
the executive branch. To this body
there is due the chief practical loyalty

45

NUMBKR 6.

and the moral support of all good citizens.
They are men—they are liable to errors
of aim and errors of judgment—they
need wisdom. Not doubting then to
mingle our prayers with all our honest
and clean political activity, let good and
religious men also earnestly implore for
this honored body the help and guidance
of the Divine Wisdom in their arduous
and important work.
MISS F. G. MORLEY.

The Kawaiahao Girls' School has
sustained a heavy loss in the death of
their very capable and very lovely music
teacher, Miss F. G. Morley, who died
after a brief illness May 13th. Her home
was in Baraboo, Wisconsin. She was a
graduate of the Oberlin Conservatory of
Music. No teacher was more beloved
by her pupils. Under her instruction
the school had made remarkable progress
in" music. This was manifest at the
funeral services in Kawaiahao Church,
when their united voices, more than a
hundred, rendered a chant and two
hymns with unusual power and sweetness, a rich echo from the voice of their
dear and departed teacher. The loss of
Miss Morley is deeply felt by the noble
sisterhood of teachers, thus broken, and
by the neighbors and friends of the
school, among whom she was much
beloved.
Do not think that I mean to teach
that religion is, as Matthew Arnold says,
morality imbued with emotion; that
Christian experience is simply a moral
life lifted up a little. Christianity is a
divine life. If there be anything in the
Scripture taught more plainly than another, it is that there is no true life
separated from God, and no way in
which man can truly live, except in contact and communion and fellowship
with God. —Lyman Abbott.
A Christian should not be peculiar in
oddities or pharisaical pretensions, but
peculiar in having a distinct likeness to
his Lord. He ought to be peculiar in
unselfish kindness to his neighbors;
peculiar in hating wrong and opposing
popular sins ; peculiarly square, truthful,
honest, and conscientious in the things
that are least. He should never leave
his neighbors to doubt which side he is
on in moral questions, and he should
never be "to be had."

46

THE FRIEND.

[June, 1888

He returned from army life to Ohio. Wisconsin. He was one year in this
For a short time he attended school at field. While here, with returning health,
The following anre extracts from a Baldwin .University, Berea, Ohio. He the old intense longing for foreign serpaper read at a memorial service, May was soon called back to York because vice sprang into renewed life and vigor.
2d, 1888, in the Central Union Church, of the illness of an uncle. This uncle He placed himself in correspondence
Honolulu, by W. A. Bowen, Esq., a life- was in a low condition, and for three with Dr. Clark, and the work in Turkey
long friend of the deceased missionary: years Mr. Logan was faithful in his at- was first thought of for him; but a letter
Robert W. Logan was born at York, tendance upon him. It was during this from Mr. Sturges appeared in the MisMedina County, Ohio, May 4th, 1H43. time that he united with the church. It sionary Herald, making an urgent appeal
His parents were from Scotland, and is not remembered exactly when he be- for help, and both Mr. and Mrs. Logan
two of his four brothers were born there. came a Christian. He was always con- found a response in their hearts to it.
The occupation of his parents was that scientious and earnest as a boy. Also, They communicated their thought to
of farmers. The health of the family, It was at this time that his attention was Dr. Clark, who replied: "I thought the
as a family, was consumptive in tenden- called most strongly to the character of Lord was calling you to Turkey, but I
cy. His mother died of fever when he his life's occupation. His thoughts for see He wants you in Micronesia."
I mention one incident connected with
was but four, and his father died of con- a time seemed to go toward the life of a
sumption when he was but seven years teacher, but finally he decided in favor Mr. Logan's life at Rio, Wisconsin, that
of age. The home was not broken up, of the ministry. After he had thus de- may be of interest. One morning, as
for the children kept it and cared for cided there was never again a moment's they were sitting at breakfast, Mrs.
each other for two years. Mr. Logan wavering on the subject. This was one Logan glancing up and out of the winused frequently to refer to this time of of the remarkable strong points of his dow, saw that one ofthe two large grain
his life, and attribute to it the practical character, that once having become clear elevators of the place was on fire. She
knowledge and adaptation to affairs of as to his personal duty, it was settled called Mr. Logan's attention to it, and
the household, which he seemed to pos- once and forever. After his decision for he started at once to give such assissess to an unusual degree. The helping the ministry, in the spring of 1866, he tance as he could. He worked hard at
of his fourteen-year old sister to keep went to Oberlin.
the fire, but without a thought that he
He did not take a regular course at was doing more, or differently, than any
house was an invaluable discipline to
him. The only education which he had Oberlin. His studies were rather of his one else would do, and the other eleduring these years of his boyhood, was own selection, more particular attention vator, which was close to the burning
that which could be obtained through being given to the one study of Greek one, was saved. His conduct at the
the district schools. That it was thor- than to the others. Later he entered fire was unusually courageous and inough, however, is evidenced by the fact and took a full course in theology at spiring. He was the one, with a rope
that he himself was able to pass a Oberlin, graduating with the class of tied around him, to save him in case of
teacher's examination and teach a term 1872.
his falling, the other end of the rope beHis marriage to Miss Mary Fenn of ing in the hands of others on the roof,
of school at sixteen years of age. He
was always hungry for learning, and his York, occurred May 4, 1870, the day that to creep out on the point extending behe became twenty-seven years of age. yond the gable end, and dash water upmemory was rather remarkable.
At the age of seventeen he went to During his theological course he stopped on the exact point most liable to be
Wisconsin, and thereremained one year, for one year and preached at Brunswick, affected by the fire. Considering the
when he enlisted at the age of eighteen Ohio, where he had lived when a boy character of the extension upon which
in the army, Regiment 21st Wisconsin, with his brother, after the old homestead he was creeping, its great and dizzy
Company D., at the time of the war of at York had broken up. His pastorate height from the ground, the intense heat
the Rebellion. He went into the army at Brunswick was during a portion of at that particular place from the fire,
exactly as he went into his mission life. 1870 and 1871, and it was in this little and his own not over-great physical
The same spirit of consecration and church that he was ordained. His work strength, rendered his situation a pecuobedience to duty that led him volunta- was eminently successful, ■ winning the liarly perilous one. But his calm prerily to take his life into his hands and go affection of many people, and establish- sence of mind saved himself as well as
forth as a soldier in defense of his coun- ing the church on a much surer basis the building. A few days later, a neightry, afterwards led him to give up that than it had ever been before.
bor, a profane man, knocked at his
life as a missionary in a distant land Mr. Logan attended the national door and asked if he could, for a few
among the heathen. Ofthe five Logan council that was held at Oberlin in 1871, moments, go down to the store. Mr.
brothers, four enlisted and the fifth was and it was here that he became enthusi- Logan went, and there found quite a
drafted. It was truly a family in which astically aroused to the greatness and number of men gathered, who, after a
the cajl of duty and patriotism was grandness of his calling as never before. presentation speech, gave him a buffalo
It was, perhaps, at about this time robe.
strong. Mr. Logan was in the army
The present was raised as a
but a short time. He was in only one that his attention was called to mission special tribute from men who had had
battle, at Perryville, Kentucky, where he work, and his own personal relation to nothing to do with Christianity. No
was wounded in the head by a spent it. He had been a reader ofthe Mission- one, who went to church, had been
ball. Immediately after this battle he ary Herald and had taken from it a sought, or even permitted to subscribe a
took a severe cold and it settled on his strong desire to be engaged in foreign cent towards the purchase. It was their
lungs, so that pneumonia followed, from service. He consulted good old Dr. own special tribute to the courage and
which he would have died, had it not Morgan with reference to it, and the "heroism" of "the parson." Years
been for the most excellent care of his doctor said: "God has given you a rather later an old Scotchman, long resident of
brother Thomas, who had been detailed remarkable faculty for learning lan- Rio, testified, "Mr. Logan preached the
guages," and this remark greatly en- grandest sermon to me from the roof of
especially for the service.
From the time of this disastrous ill- couraged him to think that his longing that elevator that I ever heard."
ness in the army Mr. Logan was not might be satisfied. It seemed to him
The winter following the decision for
well. He had constant pain in his lungs, that very likely it was the exact place Micronesia was spent in a special preand his surgeon said that tubercles were God designed for him. But after his paration for the work. Besides attendalready forming, so that at the time of graduation from the seminary at Oberlin, ing a regular course of medical lectures
his discharge, he was not expected to because of too great ill health for foreign at Cleveland, Ohio, he preached every
live. Up to that time through all the service, he went first into the Home Sabbath at the old church at Brunswick,
years of his boyhood he had possessed Mission Work, taking two small churches thus making the winter full of hard
health of tolerably robust character.
under his charge at Rio and Wyocena, work.
REV. ROBERT W. LOGAN.

Volume 46, No. 6.]

47

THE FRIEND.

They left the old home at York, June coat and umbrella, but the storm was of
first of the same year. They were joined so driving a character, that it was simply
by the Rands at Omaha, and later by impossible to keep dry. When he landthe Taylors, and Mrs. Sturges, so that ed a firt was made to dry his wet gartheir number was seven as they landed ments, but he had suffered a severe
here in Honolulu. At the time of the shock to his system, which proved bespecial farewell services held here for the yond his powers of endurance. He was
whole party in June, Mr. Taylor was or- prostrated with fever, and after a prodained, Mr. Logan extending to him the tracted illness of seven weeks died. The
date of his death was December 27,
right hand of fellowship.
From this point I leave the work, its 1887. During his sickness he suffered
character and scope to be considered by intensely from thirst. Arthur's letter to
another. I wish, however, to repeat a me written the next day after his father's
thought which I have had many times, death, was a brief and simple statement
that Mr. and Mrs. Logan's work is not ofthe agony of suffering from a burning
to be measured by their accomplishment fever, an unquenchable thirst, ofhis pantin Micronesia alone, but added to this ing for breath, and of his final relief that
His letter expressed the deep
there must be taken into the account, came.
the wonderful stimulus they have given conviction that, "papa has gone to his
to the life of the churches at home. reward."
He had named their home at Ruk,
Particularly has it had a decided influa Greek word meaning
"Anapauo,"
ence upon the young people in the
churches. I speak of this as a personal "rest." During his last days he thought
observation made when at home at diff- of, and spoke about it, saying "Oh! we
erent times. In special illustration, I did not think of this rest when we named
will mention one incident as told by Miss it. Did we?'"
On Christmas last, when we, here in
Appleton ofKawaiahao Seminary. She
says, "Mr. Logan was in Oberlin on the Honolulu, were all so happy over our
day devoted to prayer for colleges. I re- Christmas doings, he was slowly passmember he was present at the meeting ing away, suffering from an indescribable
of students held in the College Chapel. thirst and constantly asking for water,
The subject was, ' the necessity of self when the words were breathed into his
You ear, "they shall hunger no more, neither
sacrifice in the Christian life.'
thirst any more." And he said, "Yes,
leader,
said
'that
need not think,'
our
you can be Christians without making oh! that will be blessed not to thirst
sacrifices, and great ones. Look at our any more." In two days, on the mornbrother Logan,' turning to Mr. Logan, ing of the 27th, he breathed his last, and
'see what Christian life has meant for at five o'clock of the same day he was
He can tell you that being a buried, the funeral exercises being conhim.
Christian has involved a great deal of ducted by Mr. Treiber.
Before coming to Honolulu, ihcMornsacrifice, has it not brother Logan?"
With the calm manner of one whose it-ig Star went to Ponape and returned
faith is anchored to the everlasting rock, again to Ruk. On their return Mr.
and with the brightest and sunniest of Worth, a fellow worker on Ruk, told
smiles, he replied, "I do not know that I Mrs. Logan that he could get the natives
have ever made any very great sacrifi- to do things only as he mentioned the
ces." Miss Appleton says, "that quiet name of Mr. Logan. He would ask
answer meant so much to those young them, "don't you think Mr. Logan would
men and women who know what his life like to have that done?" And he added,
had been.
Especially freighted with "that moves them every time." All
meaning was it for the hundred or more hearts there were made tender by his
who were already deciding what their death, as will be the case the world over
life work should be." In future con- wherever Mr. and Mrs. Logan are known.
firmation ofthe hold Mr. and Mrs. Logan
I- close with brief testimonials as foltook upon the hearts at home, may be lows, first, from his co-laborers in the
mentioned the enthusiastic undertaking field: Mr. Worth says,"I have lost the
of printing, which a Cincinnati church best friend I ever had." Mrs. Dr. Pease
did, of a hymn book which Mr. Logan ■ays, "I never knew a more beautiful
had prepared in the Mortlock language. Christian character than Mr. Logan.
Also I would mention a letter, which Mr. We have yet to see the trader, seaman,
Logan received last year from Dr. Ryder, or person of any nationality, or occupawhich bears direct testimony as follows: tion, who did not speak kindly of him.
"I think you would have made a useful His zeal for Christ has consumed him.
minister and done excellently at home. Where will we find one to fill his place?"
But I think you have done more good to Dr. Pease writes, "we feel that we and
the churches at home, by your work in the work have suffered an irreparable
the foreign field."
loss; our best man, our most successful
The main facts with reference to Mr. Missionary, our wisest adviser, the most
Logan's final sickness and death are al- courageous and diligent and faithful one
ready well known. He went to a dis- of us all. We are tempted to ask, 'why
tant station in the lagoon, to locate a did not God take two, or three, of the
teacher, and on the journey was caught rest of us and leave him?' His place
in a driving rain. He had taken all the will never be filled I fear."
Second, from the laborers at home:
usual precautions of carrying his oil

'

Dr. Strong writes, "we all revered and
loved him very much; he seems to have
been made for a Missionary, and to have
consented with his whole soul to the
divine appointment that he should go far
hence to preach the gospel. I always
think of him as a most devout and
consecrated man, to whom God had
given a great gift of wisdom as well as

grace."
Dr. Judson Smith, under date of March
23d, writes directly, saying: "I am sad
to think how much of light and strength
and wisdom and patience and love and
leadership in a great work are withdrawn
from Ruk and Micronesia. I know few
lives that seem to me more rich in
devotion, more faithful in service, more
inspiring in example, more complete in
the beauty and strength of the Lord,

than this life which has just been closed
Its fruits on earth
are abundant, and its memorial is on
high. It seems to me to deserve a place
with those of Moffat, and Livingstone,
and Patterson ; and, like these, to be a
fountain of inspiration and blessing in
the Kingdom of God while time shall last."
to earthly scenes.

ANCIENT SYSTEM OF LAND TENURE
IN POLYNESIA.
Read before the Honolulu S.vial Science Association,
March 12. 1888, by Hon. W. 1). Alexander.

TONGA.

On passing from the three other western groups to Tonga, we find a remarkable and striking change in political institutions, in land tenure, in social customs. In a word, we are politically,
though not geographically, in eastern
Polynesia. We find no organized village communities or clans, holding lands
in common, but a fully developed feudal
system, and a strong centralized government. The patriarchal head of the
clan has become a landlord, and the
clansmen, bound to their chief by the
tie of blood relationship, have become
his tenants and subjects.
From Rev. L. Fison we learn that the
nation was divided into four main tribes,
two of which were further subdivided
into sub-tribes.
As in the Hervey Group, and in the
Society Islands, the people were divided
into three classes or ranks, viz.: ist,
chiefs or " Eiki;" 2nd, the middle class
or gentry, 'including the '• Matahules"
who are heads of villages, hereditary
artisans, &c, and their relatives called
"Muas," and 3d, the " Tr/ds," or serfs,
comprising the mass of the common
people, who had no political rights.
The lowest of these were the "Bobulas" or slaves, who had been reduced to
this condition by war.
The highest chief by birth was called
"Tui Tonga," he was considered a
sacred person, directly descended from a
god, and received almost divine honors,
but had no political power. The actual
king was styled "Tui Kanokubolu"
(from the name of a district), and was

[June, 1888

THE FRIEND.

48

elected by the chiefs from the "Hau," or Hale's theory is a very probable one, surpassing anything of the kind elsethe families of the blood royal. His viz., that the ancestors of the Tongans, where seen in the Pacific Ocean.
"Yet the influence of the king over
power was great, but far from absolute, after a long residence in Fiji (of which
and depended much* upon his personal their language and customs bear strong .the proud, despostic district chiefs was
character. Tpi Tonga must marry the traces), were expelled from that group, neither strong nor permanent, and he
daughter of Tui Kanokubolu, and if she and emigrated to their present seat. If could not confide in their fidelity."
had a son, he would become the next so, it is likely that they found the group
Mr. Fllis states further: "Although
Tui Tonga. If she had a daughter, she occupied by an older Polynesian colony, the authority of the king was supreme,
would rise higher than her mother in which they reduced to servitude, and re- yet he does not appear to have been
rank, and become a Tamahi a kind of divided the lands on feudal principles.
considered as the absolute proprietor of
the land, nor do the occupants appear to
goddess on earth. By a custom doubtTAHITI.
less borrowed from Fiji, Tui Tonga's
The ancient state of society at Tahiti have been mere tenants at will, as was
the case in the Sandwich Islands."
widow was strangled at his funeral, strikingly resembled
that of the Hawhich was one of the peculiar honors waiians
There
certain districts which contime,
that
with
some
import- stitutedwere
at
the
of the royal fampaid to the divine personage.
patrimony
ant differences. The Rev. W. Ellis is
ily; in which they could walk on foot,
Rank descended chiefly through the
for
reeverything
the highest authority
lands. The other
female line. All the children of a female
lating to the original condition of the as they were sacred
noble are without exception chiefs. }n people of the Society and Georgian Isl- districts were regarded as belonging to
their
who were
respective occupants,
this important point the Tonga custom ands.
"raatiras."
agrees with that of the Eastern PolyneHe states that "the different grades of generally
These lands they inherited from their
sians. The morals, however, of the society were not as strongly defined
Tongan were never so utterly debased there as among the Sandwich Islanders, ancestors, and bequeathed to their chilas those of the Tahitians or Hawaiians. whose government was more despotic dren. Every portion of land had its
In the higher classes, at least, female than that which p-evailed in the south- owner, and even different trees in the
land sometimes had different owners.
virtue was guarded and held in honor, ern islands."
infanticide was unknown, and the sick The three ranks at Tahiti were the The divisions of lands were accurately
and the aged were not treated with "arii" or chiefs, the raatira," (N. Z. marked by natural boundaries, as a
of mountains, or the course of a
cruelty and neglect.
rangatiras) or land-holders, and the ridge
From the Rev. Thos. West we learn "manakune" or common people, who river, and frequently a carved image or
"the lands were held in fief." The were tenants at will.
" tii" was set up on the boundary. The
removal of ancient landmarks was conlandlords held them by hereditary
The lowest class included the "ten- sidered a heinous crime.
but subject to the king, and they
itu"
servants of the chiefs, and the
Each district, mataaina, was under a
subdivided
them
their
irn
among
slaves, who had lost their liberty high chief, who was succeeded in his
"titi,"
nen and followers. It was on the
in battle. Slavery in Tahiti, however, possessions and office by his son or
chiefs that the king depended for was
much milder than in either New nearest relative, confirmed by the king
iry support, which they willingly
Tonga. The "manahutu" and council of chiefs. In each district
Zealand
:red him, as the title by which they class also or
included those who were des- the power of the chief was supreme, and
led their possessions.
of any land, and ignorant of any greater than that which the king exerThrough them also the king received a titute The fishermen and artizans formed
cised over the whole. This power exgeneral tribute from the people. The art.
the connecting link between this class tended to the persons and lives as well
chiefs, also, in their order, claimed the and
the one above it.
as to the property of the people. The
service or property of their tenants. The
The "raatiras," country gentry and raatiras, who resembled feudal barons,
lowest order was ground down and opalways formed the most num- received from the people under them not
pressed by that above it. The " Tuns" farmers,
only military service, but also part of
could not call any thing they had their erous and the most influential class.
"They were," says Ellis, "the pro- the produce of their lands and personal
own. The great chiefs could seize on
prietors and cultivators of the soil, and labor whenever required. Every diswhatever took their fancy.
or
his
Besides, the king
representative held their land, not from the gift of the trict brought provisions at stated intercould assess labor upon the whole com- king, but from their ancestors. The vals for the king's use, and for the mainmunity whenever he pleased. The chiefs petty raatiras frequently held from 20 tenance of his numerous retinue. No
also claimed a share of all the fish taken to 100 acres, and generally had more regular system of taxation prevailed.
"Whenever there was any deficiency
by their tenants. The most servile than their necessities required. The
of food for his followers or guests, a
homage was rendered to them, as in the higher class among them possessed
Society and Hawaiian Islands. On a large tracts of lands, sometimes includ- number of his servants (teuteu) went to
which were the residence of some raatira and plunfather's death his property descended to ing many acres, parts of raatiras,
on dered him of pigs, provisions, etc.,
often
cultivated
petty
by
his children. On the mother's death,
her property remained with her husband condition of rendering military service sometimes leaving him entirely destiand children, not excepting her dower to the proprietor and a portion of the tute."
Under such a system it was impossiland, which did not revert to her own produce." They were the most industrious
class
trie
and
formin
community,
ble
for them to improve in industry or
as
the
in
kindred,
northwestern groups
ed its main dependence in war.
advance in civilization.
where tribal tenure prevailed.
It is evident that such a people must
As has already been observed, one
The "hitiarii," though not numerous,
great difference between Eastern and was the most influential class in the have had a very imperfect conception of
Western Polynesia is the despotic power state. At the head of it was the "arii- individual property.
The question naturally arises, whether
possessed by the chiefs in the former rahi," or king. This office was hereditary and was not confined to the male the irregular tribute paid to the king,
islands, including Tonga.
The matabules and muas of Tonga sex. "Whenever a matrimonial con- and the-forced labor on public works reevidently correspond to the rangatiras nection took place between one of the quired of the people, should be regarded
"huiarii and a person of an inferior order, as rent or not.
of New Zealand.
In other words, did the King of Tahiti
think
it
that
the
most probable
the offspring of such a union was alI
"tribes mentioned by Mr. Fison include most invariably destroyed."
hold the allodium of the land ? I think
When the young king came of age, not. It iscertian, at least, that he could
only the two upper classes.
The degraded position of the Tuas he was solemnly inaugurated with the not remove any land owner, if there had
may be accounted for by conquest. Mr. most imposing religious ceremonies, been no failure of service on his part.

"

I

,

*

Volume 46, No. 6.]

THE FRIEND.

In J. A. Moerenhout's Voyages aux to mind the infamous practices of the
lies dv Grand-Ocean, I find the follow- Areoi Society, their neglect of the remaining children, their frequent wars
ing passage on this subject:
and human sacrifices, we cannot wonder
Les terres et biens que possedaient lcs barons
"
et les nobles inferieurs n'etaient pas considered that the population was decreasing becomme benefices, octroyed per le prince, et ne fore the arrival of Europeans.
lvi revenaient ni en cas dc desherence ni pendant
la minorite dc leurs titulaires; et il ne pouvait
sous aucun pretexte les confisquer pour les ajouter a ses domaines.
" Ces proprietes etaient considerees comme
privaes et inviolables, quoiqtt une grande partie
dc leur prodttit fut toujours reclamee ou enlevee
arbitrairement pour l'Arii, dont les revenue n'
etaient pas fixes, et consistaient en cc quil receva
it dc ses sujets ou parvenait ii leur soustraire."

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

The ancestors ofthe Hawaiian people
must have emigrated from Tahiti, as is
shown by their close proximity to the

Tahitians in language, religion and
political institutions. The chief point
of difference between them was the absence in these islands of the middle
as
The above may be translated
folclass of land-owners, the raatiras, which
lows :
we find in the southern groups. Here
"The land and property which the barons and the great mass of the people were mere
lesser nobles possessed, were not considered as
fiefs (benefices) granted by the prince, and did tenants at will, liable to be disposessed
not revert to him, either in case of failure of heirs at any time, and even to be stripped of
or during the minority of their owners; and he their personal property at the will of
could not under any pretext confiscate them in their chiefs.
order to add them to his domains. These estates
After the conquest of the group by
were considered as private and inviolable, alI, the process of "feudala
their
was
Kamehameha
produce
always
part
of
though large
demanded or arbitrarily taken away for the Arii. zation," as it has been called, was comwhose revenues were not fixed, and consisted in plete. All the lands in the group were
what he received from his subjects or could plunconsidered as the property of the
der them of."
and were held of him in fief by
King,
The mountain and forest appear to
chiefs, who sub-let them to an
the
high
have been free to all, but not so the
of chiefs, by whom they
inferior
order
laws
were
enacted
fisheries. In 1826
subdivided
again and again, down
were
in Huahine, fixing definitely for the first to the miserable serfs, who cultivated
of
be
paid
by
the
amount
tax
to
time
the soil. The consent of the King was
each class of the community, and also
for any transfers of real estate,
necessary
the proportion of the fish to be taken to
and
all estates reverted to him
formerly
or
governor.
be given to the king
of their occupants. No
on
the
death
As long ago as 1862, the French
held more than a life interest in the
Governor of Tahiti published a decree, one
council held in
ordering that a cadastral survey and land. In a national
at which Lord
6,
1825,
Honolulu
June
registration of all the lands in the island Byron, Commander
of the Blonde, was
made,
but
it
has
been
should be
not yet
present, Kalanimoku spoke as follows:
carried into execution.
"He especially referred to the inconTahiti
the
civil
of
In comparing
polity
with that of other islands, it is evident veniences arising from the reversion of
that the raatira are identical with the lands to the King on the death of their
rangatira of New Zealand (Hawaiian occupants, a custom which it had been
lanakila), but far inferior to that proud, the object of Kamehameha I to exchange
independent aristocracy. I have no for that of hereditary succession. This
doubt that the lands held by them be- project of their great king he now prolonged to families rather than to indi- posed to adopt as the law, except in
viduals, and that they were virtually cases when a chief or other land-holder
should be guilty of rebellion; then his
entailed.
There are, however, no vestiges of estates should be forfeited." This printribal ownership, or of village commu- ciple was adopted by the council.
nities either, in Tahiti or the Hawaiian
During the long reign of KamehaIslands.
meha I the leading families of chiefs
The ariis, whose position had origin- had enjoyed a degree of permanence
ally more of a sacred and religious than and security in the possession of their
a political character, had become des- lands unknown before, and on the accession of Kauikeaouli no redistribution of
potic rulers of both church and state.
Many things combine to show that lands took place, as had formerly been
the civilization of the Society Islands the custom on the accession of a new
was in a degenerate and decaying state Moi (King), a practice which had often
when they were first discovered. In been the occasion of civil wars.
their domestic relations, instead of Of the last few centuries preceding
working upwards towards the mon- the reign of Kamehameha I, the late
ogamous family system, upon which Judge Fornander justly said, " It was
all civilized society is founded, their an era of strife, dynastic ambitions, intendencies had long been downward. ternal and external wars on each island,
When we consider the facts that with all their deteriorating consequences
two-thirds of the children were destroyed of anarchy, depopulation, social and inin infancy, and that the males outnum- tellectual degradation, loss of knowlbered the females in the proportion of edge, loss of liberty, and loss of arts."
four to one (see Ellis' Polynesian ReI need not dwell longer on a subject
searches, vol. 1, page 258), and then call so familiar to most members of this Club.

49
I will only add that the system o
land tenure in Hawaii may be styled not
Tribal but National. As the Constitution of 1840 expresses it, "the land belonged to the chiefs and people in common, of whom Kamehameha I was the
head, and had the management of landed property."
We have seen that the Maories of
New Zealand occupy one extremity of
the series, leading from Tribal tenure to
feudalism, and the Hawaiians the other.
Now, if the process of " Feudalization"
of Europe, presents one of the most
difficult problems of legal history, so
does that of Polynesia.
The difference in the respective results is probably owing to the difference
between the European and the Polynesian Family systems.
For all our Anglo-Saxon liberty and
progress are founded upon the idea of
the inviolable sanctity ofthe Home.
An ounce of cheerfulness is worth a
pound of sadness to serve God with.
A godly old negro woman was asked,
"Aunty, how did you go to Christ?"
The answer was, "Why, bless your soul,
honey, I no sooner said to myself that
I'd go right to him, than I was thnr."
One hundred and twenty years ago,
LinmßUl knew of only three thousand
species of insects. Now, two hundred
and fifty thousand species are contained
in the collections ofthe world.
A little girl gave her father the most
important condition of bodily well-being
when, in answer to his question, "What
was the minister's text?" she replied,
"Keep your soul on top." It was, "I
keep my body in subjection."
The seventh chapter of Romans portrays the experience of life's awful conflict under the power of sin. The eighth
chapter is filled with the experience of
life's resplendent victory and supernal
repose under the power of Christ Jesus.
There are in India 124,000,000 women
who are truthfully described as "unwelcomed at their birth, untaught in their
childhood, enslaved in their marriage,
accursed as widows, and unlamented
when they die." And this with all the
vaunted Light of Asia surrounding
them.
Revivals come down from above.
While many ofthe conditions are human,
God sends the victory from the habitations above. Ask him. Beseech him.
Serve him. Before him lay the sacrifice,
and from him expect the consuming
fire.
The Pope's temporal power is a thing
of the past, but he still remains an
extremely interesting historical figure; a
figure all the more interesting because
essentially an anachronism—a survival
ofthe days ofthe Holy Roman Empire,
of chained armor, ofthe Inquisition, and
of Spanish supremacy.

50

[June, 1888

THE FRIEND.

MONTHLY RECORD OF EVENTS.

May Ist—Arrivalofthe Australia with
a number of returned kamaainas and
distinguished visitors; Engineer T. G.
Gribble comes to indulge us in street
railroads. —Test Land case between the
Hawaiian Government and the Estate of
Mrs. B. P. Bishop, opened before Judge
Dole.
2nd—Ball at lolani Palace in honor
of Sir William Wiseman, Bart.—Opium
smuggling effort per Australia comes to
grief.

3rd —The King leaves again for Hawaii, this time the guest of Sir W. Wiseman, of H. B. M. S. Caroline; fine display of naval honors on His Majesty's
embarkation.—Gleaner's lunch party in

the Mclnerny block, netting satisfactory
results.
Sth—Grand luan birthday party given
at "Sweet Home" by Mrs. A. F. Judd ii.
honor of visiting relatives.
Bth—Large exodus of kamaainas and
returning visitors per Australia, delighted with their visit to our "Paradise."
10th—Monthly Social at the Central
Union Church parlors, with musical and

literary selections.
12th—The Vandalia's win a game of
baseball from the Honolulu's: score 7
to 2.

13th—Death of Miss F. G. Morley,
music teacher at the Kawaiahao Seminary.
14th—The late Hawaiian Navy was
bought by the Inter-Island S. N. Co.

for $2,800.

man and family, I) Parker and wife, J B Pressley, AC FarGazette Co.—Extra high tide with strong ley,
and 21 others.
westerly wind, does much damage to From the Colonies, per Alameda, May 4- Ho Hogan, A
Miss Hay, H Gray, LJMaxse, X Smith, Nath
Blaisdell,
Waikiki beach properties.
Cook. L Esiwick, Mrs Pellet!, 1 Hay, A J Irvine, H M
27th—G. A. R. memorial service at Cornwell.
From San Francisco, per hark CI) Bryant, May B—J F,
Central Union Church.
Orme.
From San Francisco, per Zealandia, May i»—W 0 Atsession
of
2Kth—Extraordinary
Legis- water
and wife, key Conrady, Mrs E Damon, Miss
lature prorogued by royal commission C Gibbons, Andrew JHapper, Miss DeliaC Hurshhurg, MrsA
Lowi—tm,
X M Walsh, and 14 steerage.
through Chief Justice Judd.—Marshal M From Hongkong,
per City of Peking, May 12—5 cabin
makes
haul.
ami
fhiatm
steerage passengers.
290
a big opium
Soper
Froin San Francisco, per W S Bowne, May 15—J Burke,
29th—Opening of the regular session S Aleson.
li'uni San Francisco, per ship Alex McNeil, May 28—
of Legislature by the King; Hon. S. G. Hitl
Bessie H Corley, Mrs A I' Bouzey, Miss F Bouzey.
Wilder elected President. —The AustraFrom San Francisco, perSS Australia, May 29-Geo C Williams
a#id
wife, Mrs V, A Smith and daughter, W H Bailey,
lia from San Francisco brings back a E W Peterson
and wife, Mrs l> P Peterson, J Mott Smith,
number of old residents, to whom the I' G Catnarinos, Miss Tillie lagers, Miss l.ilie F.gj;ers, J
Koch, A Caro, F F Porter, Miss Daisy Kerr, X More,
Friend bids welcome.
Miss E Davidson, Mrs E F Fairweather and family, Mr*.
3oth—Memorial day generally ob- M A Locke, I W Barnes, Mrs S Levy, X Hare and wife, J
A Wilder, Miss H X Wilder, Miss O Musgrave,
Ma>
served; usual G. A. K. parade, decora- Cummins, Miss Ida Mersherg. A M Hewett, WMiss
Wright
and
wife, Gideon West, Sidney Dickenson and wife, and 2c
tion and memorial services at the ceme- others.
teries.
im 1 ak 1■• I,'KS.
31st—Corpus Christi day.—H. N. M. For San Francisco, per Alameda, May 5—L }\ Kerr, Mrs
Fuller and daughter, Miss H Foster, t apt G F Garland, X
S. Zilvcrcn Kruis departs for Japan.
A Judson, W Gray,
Total value of exports from this port for For San Francisco, per lark W 1. Godfrey. May 8 Kali uianui and wife, Liloa and wife, Jamesand wife, Kapela.
the month $1,381,991.27.
For San Francisco, per bark Deutschland, May 8 K.

—

MarineJournal.
PORT OF

HONOLULU.—May.

ARRIVALS.
i-Hawn S S Australia, Houdelette, 7 days from San
Fram nfCO>
4-Ain S S Alameda, Morse, 18 days 45 minutes from
Sydney.

8-Am bk C D Bryant, Lee, 15J4 days fm San Francisco.
Am bktne Mary Winkelman, Dryeborg, \s% days
from San Francisco.
10-Am bk Ferris S Thompson, Potter, 14 days from San
Francisco.
Am bk Saranac, Shaw, 14 days from San Francisco.
12-HawnS S Zealandia, Yon Oterendorp, 7 days f.-om San
Fram isco.
Am S S City of Peking, Dearborn, 13 days from
Hongkong.

Hl'ihm, from San Francisco.
i5-Am tern W S Bowne,
Amelia, Kewhall, 21 days tm Port Townsend.
17th—Dismissal of several members 17-AmBbktne
from Molokai.
19-H M S Comorant, Nicholls,
of Custom House staff, "for cause;" inAm bktne forest Queen, Winding, days from San

vestigations in order.
18th—Report of the steamer Kaala
on fire, heading for the port: steam tug
Eleu to the rescue, but to the relief of
the community it proved a false alarm.
19th—Ground broken for the new
street railway on King street.
21st—Netherlands training ship Zilveren Kruis —probably the first naval
vessel of that nationality visiting these
islands—arrived from San Francisco.
New appointees to the Custom House
staff enter upon their duties.
22nd—Japanese S. S. Tsukuba leaves
for home.—Return of the King and
Cjueen from windward islands.
24th—Sixty-ninth birthday anniversary of England's Queen. —Sudden death
of A. C. Smith.—Annual meeting of the
British Benevolent Society and election
of officers.—Complimentary Band Concert at the Hotel to our Netherland visitors.—Reception on board H. B. M. S.

—

Cormorant.

25th—Mr. J. P. Bowen unearths several tins containing gold coin and greenbacks in the grounds at his residence,
the Bradley premises, Beretania street.
26th—Fire alarm at 2 a. m. for a fire
in Chinese store, corner Nuuanu and
Hotel sts., soon extinguished.—Pacific
Commercial Advertiser and its office be-

—

Francisco.
21-Neih. Man-of-war Zilveren Kruis, Jockes, 21 da;s
fiom San Francisco.
days fmm San Francisco.
22-Am bk Ceylon, Calhoun,
23-Am bktne Planter, Penhallow, 17 days from San Francisco.
25-Am bktne Wrestler, Cook, 25 days fin Port Townsend.
26-Fr. bk Julie, Clevy, 59 days from Newcastle, N S W.
28-Am ship Alex McNeil, 21 days from San Francisco.
29-Hawn S S Ausiralia, Houdlette, 7 days from San
Francisco.

—

DEPARTURES.

;H

-

Behrc-ns, Mrs Buike and child, H Schliemann.
For San Francisco, per S S Australia, May 8th—Rev I
Goodell, Mrs W A Johnson and child, A Fillers, wife and
child, Miss I. Vos>, G Galbrath, Mrs W Wagener and
child, Miss M Maguire, Mrs AT Rabbttt, V Stegeman and
wife, Capt Kempff, Limit Moore, Sol Kphriam, Mrs J A
Kennedy and child, Mrs Kirkland, Dr Parker and wife, C
A G Gunning, Mrs Logan and daughter, Master Arthur
Logan, Miss Pettihone, Mrs Rogers, Miss H Day, R
McKenzie, wife and 3 children, Mrs dc la Vertrue and son,
Master W Rice, Miss Wilcox, M B Augustine, J R and R
A Low, Mrs Paira and child, C H Whetmore, Miss Ada
Jones, Dr Gray and wife, Mrs L A Baron and child, P
Peck, Capt G W Willfone, W R Gould and wife, Mis< X
Monroe, Win Gerstle, H Renjes, Miss FSwan/y, A Young,
Jr, X X Alsip and wife, J A Buck and wife, A C Farley,
wife and 2 children, Miss M Hopper, E W Purvis, F.
George, A Herbert and wife, F W McChesney, A M
Hewett, A J Irvine, Nathaniel Cooke, G West, Miss Dunlap. Steerage G Sandeman, H Mudis, J Gillen, S Housley, Munki, M Dougherty, E Everson, H Morgan, G
Lggett, J Fitzgerald, W Weggesends, F Btsking, T Off,
P Mattson, wife and 3 children, \V H Coles and daughter,
J H Congdon, J R Halliday, E C Winston, I D Merry, P
Felson, A Johnson, wife and 2 children, J N Christenson,
wife and 4 children, M Bartetlo, wifeand 4 children, F
Furtado, wife and 2 children, M Licotint, wife and 2 children, A Rocke, wife and 6 children, H Bradley, Mrs D
McGregor and child, B I) Town and son. 10 Chinese and

:

82 Portuguese.

For the Colonies, per Zealandia, May 12—G Passavant,
Dr M Haedicke, J M Campbell, M B Flinn, P Ryan, M
Gavin, G Murdoch, and Ben Peter.
lor S«n Francisco, p-;r Mary Winkelman, May 18—Rev
A 0 Forbes, Miss Hattie Forbes, FAY liarlek and son, A
Gissler, J J NorrU.
lor San Francivo, per I.' D Bryant. May 23 —Manoel
Mouriz, F C Viera and wife, M Trarvath and child, M V
Lima, Sir Rodrigues, wife and 2 children, Jacinta Rapos.
wife and infant, H D Roberis, Mis I.e.u li, T X Moore, J
X Orme, Ed Ra-kerville, J A Morris, C P Fo», W Greig,
Eliiabeth Greig and H C Overend.

B M S Caroline, Wiseman, for F.sipiimault BC via
Kailua, Hawaii.
BIRTHS.
St Lucie, Krskine, for San Francisco,
4-Alll bktne
5 Am S S Alameda, Morse, for San Francisco.
TINKER—In Honolulu, May, ?7, to the wife of Mr, J.
7-Brit bk Alice Muir, Yarnall, for Bakers I land-.
Tinker, a son.
Brit bk Alice Mary Ladd. for Bakers Island.
C-Hawn S S Au-tralia, Houdlette, for San Francisco.
GREEN—To tht Wift of M. Green, a daughter, May 9,
Godfrey,
Hawn bktne W B
1888.
I label, for San Francisco.
Ger bk Peutschland, Bosse, fur San Francw o.
ROBINSON At Makawcli, Kjiuai, May 6th, to the wife
it-Brit bk Veritas, Johnson, for Port TowWild
of Aubrey Robinson, l'.-(|., .1 tOQ.
12-HawnS S Zealandia, Yon Oterendorp, f«r the colonies. CAREY—On Sunday, May ftb, to tlie wife of Thomas
1 j-Russian S S Razboynik, for Nagasaki.
Larey, a daughter.
Am S S City of Peking, Dearborn, for San Francisco.
DLFRIES At Lcleo, in ibis city. May 19th, to the wife
14-U S S Adams, Leary, foi Sunt
of 11. Defries, a daughter.
16-H B M S Cormorant, Nicholls, for Molokai.
Am ship Mystit; Belle, for San Francisi o.
SMITH To ihe wife of W. O. Smith, on May 28th, a
daughter.
Am bk Ferris S Thompson, Potter, for San Francisco.
18-Am bktne Mary Winkelman, Dyrebore.
MARRIAGES.
Brit bk Island City, Warner, for Humboldt Bay.
FEARON HAPPER-At Canton, on April 17th, at H B
32-FI I I M S Tsukuba. Nomura, for Japan.
M's Consulate, and subsequently at Christ Church, by
23-Am bkC D Bryant. Lee, for San Fraini-tn.
the Rev A P Happtr, D D, father of the bride, George
29-Am ! ktne Amelia, New hall, for San Francisco.
Dixwell Fearon, eldest son of the late Charles A Fearon,
30-Am bk Saranac, Sha#, for San Francisco.
formerly of Shanghai, to Alverda Catherine Happer.
Brit bk Thof Bell, Low, for San Francisco.
..1.

DEATHS.

PASSENGERS.
AKRIVAJ.s\

From San FVnncisi o, |>er Ausir.'liri, May 1— Mrs Capt
Sbeppard, A Ascheim, J C Cluney, Mrs H Gunn and child,
Prof E Pomeroy and wife, Miss F Winter, M B Augustin,
E George, W Irving Bishop, Mrs V Knudsen and 2 daughters, G P Castleand family, J Nathan, Miss H Berwin, Mrs
A Turton and daughter, John Love 11 jr, Mrs W H Bailey
and family, Miss NellieBrown, Miss Tousaine, Commander
R P Leary, USN, Geo E Fairchild, and family, Mrs S A
Boyd. TG Cribble and servant, W E Rowell, Mrs M I
Rowell and maid, Miss M A Burbank, J Dodd, Mrs M Hy

,

KIM PIT'--In fian Francisco, April iBlh, Louis Meredith,
beloved son of Cornelia Selby and Commander Louis
Keinpff, U. S. N„ aged 9 years 5 months and 12 days.
HOPPER—In Honolulu, May 7 1888, Mar> Ellen, infant
daughter of W. L. and M. T. Hopper.
MORLEY-In Hono'ulu, May 13, 1888, Fami< Gertrude
Morley, a native of Wisconsin, aged about 28 years.
SMITH—In Honolulu, May 24, 1888, Albert C Smith, a
native of these Islands, aged 41 years.
TURNBULL—At Queens Hospital, Friday, May 25th
of heart disease, Alexander Turnbull, a native of New
Glasgow, Nova Scotia, aged about 32 years.

Volume 46, No. 6.]

BOAKB.
HAWAIIAN
HONOLULU H. I.
This page is devoted to the interests of the Hawaiian
Board of Missions, and the Editor, appointed by the
Board is responsible for its contents.

Rev.

Jas. Bicknell. - - Editor.

Rev. A. O. Forbes, Corresponding
Secretary of the Hawaiian Board sailed
for San Francisco, May "th, per bark
Mary Winkelman. Our dear brother's
health seemed to be improving before he
sailed. We trust that his intended absence of four months, chiefly in Colorado, will fully restore him.
MARSHALL ISLANDS MISSION.
[By Rev. Dr. K. M. Pease.]

The reason of our contributions being
smaller than usual this year, is the fact
that notice was given to several of the
churches that such collections would not
be permitted by the German authorities,
and so none were made. I have tried
to rectify this matter.
The German
Emperor's High Commissioner will allow contributions to be made, but they
"must not be excessive," should be once
a year only, and the amounts given reported to him at once. You notice that
we are coming under a Patenaal Government" in the Marshall's. The traders
think that so much money given for our
work is so much taken from them.
Hence the opposition.
I will now give a very brief account
ofthe state ofthe work in the islands as
it appears to us.
We were at Namerik, Ebon, and
Jaluij twice, going and returning. Key.
Motu has been at Namerik during the
year. Everything seems to have gone
well. On our return we left Liktol in
charge of the work. (Motu stays at
Ebon and will have no charge. There
is a question or two of veracity which he
has not been able to clear up satisfactorily as yet.) Liktol graduated this year
and this is his first effort. He is not a
very strong man, but we hope he will do
well. The church in Ebon has been
under the care of Deacon Lomjinor,
with the help of Lailero and others, who
have taught school since Hiram went to
Kusaie with us a year ago. He has got
on tolerably well, although several more
have been excommunicated than have
been received into the church. It is always a pity to leave an island without a
ministerfor a whole year or more. Hiram
felt obliged to remain there, although he
is hardly equal to the work. His health
is improved, but not yet perfect by any
means. After we left Jaluij last year
the pastor there, Laniing, whose wife
had just died, fell and abandoned the
work. Laijarki, his helper, kept on with
the school and preaching services as well
as he was able.

"

THE FRIEND.

51

For a wonder the fall of the pastor did HAWAIIAN EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION,
JUNE, 1888.
not produce the disastrous effect on
Progame.—AnivrsW
ay eek.
the church we feared. Almost all have
held on steadily, as the table will show.
June j. —Annual Sermon on Foreign
We have brought Jeremaia from Mi lie Sabbath,
Missions, Rev. C M. Hyde D. D., 7:30 P. M., at
to look after this church which occupies
Central Union Church.
so important a position in the group. Monday, June 4.—General Sabbath School Association, at Kaumakap.ili Church, 10 a. m.
His wife is a native of Jaluij, and he was
Annual Examination of Kawaiahao Girls'
very glad to come. Ailinlaplap has been
School, at the Seminary.
in charge of Andru. There has not been Tuesday, June
j. —Hawaiian Evangelical Assomuch progress here, the work has only ciation open at 10 a. m., at Kaumakapili
well,
Andru
has
not
been
held its own.
Church. Hawaiian Board meets 7P. M.
June 6. —Evangelical Association at
food has been scarce, his wife, Emily, is Wcdnesdity,
Ua. m., and 1 p. m. General Y. P. C. Associanot at all strong, has been sick a good
tion, at Kaumakapili Church, 7 P. M.
deal. A former member of the Ebon Thursday, June 7.— Evangelical Association at
school will assist his in teaching during il A. M. (Annual Reports of the Hawaiian
Board.) Session continued at Ip. m. Annual
the coming year. His name is Lanior,
Tea Party at the Central Union Church Parlor,
a brother of Luna who is with us. The
4:30 p. m. General Sabbath School Associafavorable.
entirely
here
are
prospects
tion, Kaumakapili Church, 7 P- M.
In Mille there had been more excom- Friday, June S. —Annual Examination of the
Mission Institute at Kawaiahao
munications than additions. Jeremaia North Pacific
8:45 a. m. Evangelical Association,
and Thomas have worked well and we Church,
■_' p. M., Kaumakapili.
Hawaiian Board meets
saw no cause for discouragement. We
at 7P. m. Hawaiian Blue Ribbon League, at
p.
ordained Deacqn Joseph, and left him in
Kaumakapili 7:30 M.
charge of the church work. We also Saturday, June 9. —General Exhibition of the
Oahu
Sabbath School at Kaumakapili Church,
left a late graduate from the Kusaian
!• a. M. Procession and feast ofthe Blue Ribto
aid
in teaching.
school, Loktop
bon League at Queen Emma Hall, 1 P. m.
In Arno Kaijok has done an evidently Sabbath, June 10.—
Dedication of Kaumakapili
good work. This was formerly one of Church, 11 a. M. Annual Sermon on Home
Mission, Rev. T. L. Gulick, 7:30 P. M., at
our stations, but has been abandoned for Central
Union Church. Graduating Exercises
several years until we left Kaijok there of the North Pacific
Mission Institute, at Kaformed,
No
has
been
last year.
church
waiahao Church, 7:30 P. M.
but there are several candidates and a
We left
flourishing Sunday school.
Says Macauley: "A person who proNabue, another graduate from our school fesses to be a critic of the delicacies of
to help in both teaching and preaching, the English language ought to have the
for the work is too hard for one. Indeed Bible at his fingers' end."
this large island needs at least four laA godly parent is a godlike parent, i.e.
borers at once. We reluctantly passed a parent who is God's image in the famby Mejuro where teachers are needed ily. That a parent may be as God to
and wanted immediately, for we had no his child, he must first be as a child to
one to give them.
his God.
In Malwonlap, we found the old
Was it Dakota where a ten-years boy
church, founded by Kaijok several years
told
the missionary that though they
ago, still in existence; six members out own a Bible, "Father
never reads it, but
of the original ten in good standing. We
mother
reads
it
sometimes
when there
have had no man there for nearly five is
thunder
and
lightning."
years. We left one of our scholars—not
Goethe expressed his indebtedness to
a graduate, Le Bil, a Deacon from the
church at Jaluij. He is not a strong the Bible in the guidance of his literary
man, but is, we think, an earnest Christ- life. He found his study of it, to use
ian, and we hope he will be able to fill his own words, "a capital safely invested,
the gap until we can send there a more and richly productive of interest."
He is the freest man who is the serable teacher.
This completes my report. We found vant of Jesus Christ, for he is delivered
the influence of the foreigners, especially from the dominion of the world, the
the German part of it, against us as Hesh, and the devil. He in the happiest
usual, but strengthened a good deal by man who has surrendered his will to the
the fact of the German occupation of the will of Jesus Christ. He is the safest
islands. The Commissioner is courteous man whom the Redeemer has taken
and friendly, but of course gives his into his own possession. To him he
sympathies more to the traders his says, "Thou art Mine."
countrymen, than 'to us. So far as his
Of all the evidences of Christianity
prejudices and environment will permit none is so mighty, so cogent, as Chrishim, I think he will try to deal fairly tendom. Here is the phenomenon—
with us. We hope so at least.
Christian civilization; explain it. Of such
We found a great demand for our new a radiant effect, what must have been
"Hymn and Tune book." I think we the cause? Why is it the fact that nashall have to order a new edition this tional strength, wealth, intelligence, soyear. But I will write further on this cial order, peace and benignant liberty
matter by another opportunity.
are found prevailing together in exactly
Yours very faithfully,
the degree in which the New Testament
is studied and preached among the comE. M. Pease.
mon people?
Kusaie, January 16, 1888.

52

T. M. €. A.
THEHONOLULU,
H. I.

is devoted to the interests ot the Honolulu
Young Men's Christian Association, ami the Hoard of
Director* are re«pOn»ihle for its contents.

Th is

[June, 1888

THE FRIEND.

page

S. D. Fuller,

- - -

Editor.

BLUE RIBBON LEAGUE.

The meetings of the Blue Ribbon
League continue to draw very good
audiences, and although the number of
those who take the pledge on the spot is
not so large as formerly, yet there is
abundant proof that this work is not in
vain. It is one of the agencies that
helps to keep alive the public conscience;
and frequently a private conscience becomes so awakened to the call of right
and duty, that men come to the Association during the week to sign the pledge
and don the "blue."
Absolute fidelity to the principles of
the League, on the part of all its members, and the honest, earnest cooperation
of all believers in total abstinence in this
city would soon revolutionize the town;
and the same spirit working throughout
the Kingdom would speedily close the
open door of every saloon and drive the
drink curse from these fair isles.
a river of Rum, and it whirls and foams
" There's
With the madness of hell as it sweeps through
our homes.
Who sips at the wine-glass will quaff at the
bowl,
And is nearing the rapids of death to his soul."

Y. M. C. A. BOYS.

Under the wise management of Mrs.
B. F. Dillingham the Y. M. C. A. Boys
are being taught some very useful lessons in practical life; they are also obtaining some rare information about

JAPANESE

BRIEFS.

Y. M. C. A.

The lower room of Queen Emma
Hall was filled Saturday evening May
19th with the members of this vigorous
society, for their semi-monthly literary and
social meeting. Mr. Ukaigavean address
in Japanese, taking for his subject, "What
is the highest hope for man?" Mr. F.
W. Damon and Mr. W. W. Hall made
brief addresses in English. The manuscript newspaper The Japanese Times,
was read. The Editor, Mr. Fujita will
soon return to Japan, and Mr. Ban will
take his place. The Japanese steamer,
due here about June 1 st, will bring about
1,000 more laborers. The training ship
Tsukuba will leave Honolulu, Tuesday,
May 22, for Osaka. Daily Bulletin.

—

CONSISTENCY, THOU ART A

JEWEL.

A Chinaman applied for the position

of cook in a family in one of our Western cities. The lady of the house and
most of the family were members of a I
fashionable church, and they were determined to look well after the character of
the servants.

So when

John Chinaman

appeared at the door he was asked, "Do
you drink whisky?" "No," said he, " I
Clistian man." "Do you play cards?"

"No, I Clistian man." He was employed and gave great satisfaction. He did
his work well, was honest, upright, correct and respectful. After some weeks
the lady gave a "progressive euchre"
party, and had wines at the table. John
Chinaman was called upon to serve the
party, and did so with grace and accep-»
tability. But next morning he waited
on the lady and said, he wished to quit
work. "Why, what is the matter?" she

inquired.

John answered,

"I Clistian

An American clergyman observes that
there are three parties in his congregation—a mission party, an anti-mission
party, and an omission party,
The San Francisco Association are
looking about for an available site for a
new building, which their large and
growing work seems to demand.
At Pasadena the corner-stone of the
Young Men's Christian Association
building was laid April 18th. The building and grounds are valued at $60,000.
The relation of the saloon and the
jail is happily illustrated in Pasadena;
which is a prosperous prohibition city,
without a single saloon their jail is advertised for rent.
The Young Men's Christian Association at Riverside, Cal., were presented
with a lot, by Mr. Miller a hotel-keeper,
and on April 16th, laid the corner-stone
for a $20,000 building.
Horace Greely once said to me, "Bryant and Longfellow have written noble
verses, but the great American poet is
John Greenleaf Whittier." If a man's
power is to be measured by his influence
on the thoughts and movements of his
generation, then the Quaker bard, whose
silver trumpet led the hosts of freedom,
has fairly won the crown.— Theodore L.
Cuyler, D. D.
Sins Blotted Out.—" I can't think
what becomes of all the sins God forgives, mother."
"Why, Charlie, can you tell me where
are all the figures you wrote on your
slate yesterday ?"
"I washed them all out, mother."
"And where are they, then ?"
"Why, they are nowhere; they are

;

man; I told you so before, no workee
for heathen!" The poor man urged his gone."
case, got his money, and left to seek a
"Just so it is with our sins. If we
mistress whom he could serve without
things abroad. The next meeting will disobedience to God. The woman was trust to the Lord Jesus, they are gone—
be Thursday, June 7th, at 2:30 p.m., and astonished, and it is hoped may become blotted out—never to come to sight
let us have a large attendance.
a better woman and Christian. The again. 'As far as the East is from the
poor heathen can see the inconsistencies West, so far hath he removed our transof professed Christians.—Christian Ad- gressions from us."
HAWAIIAN BRANCH.

The work that is being carried on at
the Queen Emma Hall in the interest of
the Hawaiians and Japanese is exceedingly encouraging, especially the latter.
The Blue Ribbon movement is gaining
adherents every week, and the converts
to total abstinence among the natives
prove to be quite as firm and true to the
pledge as their foreign brothers, and I
think much better workers. The gospel
work meets a less enthusiastic response,
but the weekly seed-sowing must result
eventually in some garnered sheaves.
The Japanese are remarkably receptive and manifest a lively interest in all
that is being done for their improvement. This, together with their thirst
for Christian knowledge, makes the
work in their behalf a very pleasant and

hopeful service.

vocate.
GOSPEL SERVICE.

The Gospel Praise Service held in the
Association hall every Sunday evening
at half-past six o'clock, is free to everybody, but is intended especially for young
men. If those who attend at present,
would make a special effort to invite one
or more of their acquaintances, the attendance and interest would be largely
increased. The following are the topics
for the month of June:
June 3—Bound by Satan—Released
by Christ. Luke 13:10-17.
June 10—No Compromise. Acts
4:13-20.
June 17—Work and Wages for Every
One. John 4:35-36. 1 Cor. 3:7-9.
June 24—Convicted but not Converted. Mark 6:17-20. Ezek. 33:31-32.

A wonderful escape occured in connection with the railway catastrophe at
Hugstten, Germany. The train ran off

the rails during a terrific storm, and was
smashed to pieces.
One carrage only,
the eighth, was preserved intact. In
that carriage were 23 members of the
Young Men's Christian Association of
Colmar, who were returning from Friburg, where they had been attending a
Conference of the Young Men's Christian Association Union. Thej'were singing hymns when the accident tookplace,
and whilst the.carriages before and behind were shattered, the one in which
they sat gently glided off the rails, and
not one of its occupants was hurt. We
cannot explain this singular fact, but we
recall the inspired words: "He shal]
give his angels charge over thee to keep
thee in all thy ways." Special provj.
denceis not a fiction.—Association New

s.

THE FRIEND.
DR. BECKWITH ON THE SABBATH.

Central Union Church have enjoyed
sermons from the Pastor
upon Sabbath observance. We print
the closing passages. After urging the
need of a day for spiritual culture, gospel appeal, and special heavenward
effort, the preacher concludes:
And so, by all this world's danger of
perishing in its sin, it needs this sacred
two earnest

day to summon it back to a sense of its
peril, and set it toward God and heaven.
More than men need it for rest, they
need it for the saving oftheir souls. And
when I say this, I do not forget how
tired men are, bending under life's burdens all the weary week. I know how
the back aches under the tiresome toil,
driving the plough, or shoving the
plane, or swinging the sledge, or sweltering at the furnace, from week's end
to week's end, year in and year out. I
know all about that. I have done it
myself many a weary year. And if I
know how like a bit of heaven the Sabbath rest comes in to give surcease of
toil to tried and troubled men.
And I have infinite sympathy with my
weary brother who just wants to lie in
his hammock under the palms all this
blessed day, and let the sweet sea-winds
soothe him to rest. And I did not know
how wearier than this weary body is the
sin-burdened soul, and how more than
the fevered brow and brain need the cool
breath of the ocean-breeze to fan them
into calm, the fevered soul sin-stricken
needs the very breath of heaven to save
it from the weariness of the unending
woe—if I did not know all that, I would
say, swing on, my tired brother, in your
hammock under the palms, all this blessed day; swing on, and sleep, and rest."
But when I know that men are weary
and heavy laden with sin, and in peril of
losing the everlasting rest, then I say,
make it a day of holy rest, my brother;
a day of the sweet peace of converse with
Cod; not swinging idly in slumber, but
sitting joyfully at the feet of Jesus ; not
a day of festive outing among the mountains or by the sea. Good as those
things are in their place, and much as
you may long for a change from the dust
of the town, and the grime of the shop,
and the grind of the gruesome toil, and
innocently as you might make the day
go by among the festive throng, if you
had no God to worship, nor any soul to
save; .vet, because God waits for your
homage upon his holy day, and because
you need rest of soul more than rest of
bone and sinew. I entreat you to hold
by the commandment, and remember the
Sabbath day to keep it holy. Give it to
worship. Give it to the culture and the
saving of your soul. Give it to your
household and to the house of God. It
will rest you more than a day of mirth.
It will rest you more than a day of
slumber, for it will rest, you body and
soul. It will bring peace to the weary
spirit. It will give you new heart and

hope for the daily toil; and to all it will speaking thine own words: then shall
add the joy of the good hope through thou delight thyself in the Lord; and I
will make thee to ride upon the high
grace ofthe life everlasting.
Now, friends, I know what you are places ofthe earth; and I will feed thee
waiting for. You are waiting to hear with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for
the pastor answer a score of questions the mouth ofthe Lord hath spoken it."
of casuistry, about walking, riding, visiting, journeying, marketing, cooking, SOCIAL EFFECTS OF PROTESTANTISM.
reading, writing, appareling ; about the
Looking at the statistics of Protestant
ice-man, and the milk-man, and the
mail-man, and the express-man. May membership, there are 10,704 males of
capitalistic, business, professional,
this, and that, and the other be done, on the
and
salaried classes in the membership
the Sabbath day ? That is what you
would like to be told. But I cannot tell ofthe Protestant churches of the cities
it. First, because Ido not know. It is Pittsburg and Alleghany, and 4,135 outnot written here in the word. I have side of them. And there are 7,064 mepreached what is written: "Remember chanics and laborers members of these
the Sabbath day to keep it holy." But churches, and 63,122 outside of them;
just what things are holy, so many and that is, nearly two-thirds of the brains
no more, we are not told. And he would is in the Evangelical Protestant churches
be a very unwise man who should try to ofthe two cities, and nearly eight-ninths
tell it. The old Jewish Rabbis tried to of the brawn is outside of them.
tell it. And they made a miserable mess In attempting to explain these pheof it; made themselves hypocrites, and nomena, we are in danger of confoundthe Commandment of God of none effect, ing cause and effect. That nearly twoChrist says. And so would any man thirds of the clerical, professional and
who should attempt to catalogue for his business classes are in the Protestant
brother all his permissible things. He churches, and only one-ninth of the
had better not try it; first, because he is laboring classes, is not necessarily a
not the keeper of his brother's con- proof that the Church is drifting or
science. "To his own master he standcth has drifted away from the latter.
And that the members of the Catholic
or falleth."
And, second, because he does not Church are mainly the poorer classes
know his brother's necessities. How, is no evidence that she is more
can he judge for him? And, third, be- successful in reaching them than are
cause there can be no invariable law Protestant churches. It is a quesabout it. Things may be right to-day, tion to be settled first, whether the
that would be wrong to-morrow. Things poverty in the one case and the absence
change with the changing necessities. of it in the other is cause or effect. It
Things may be right for you that would is at least significant that not only are
%c wrong for me. There can be no law the majority of the Catholic adherents
but the one divine law "to keep it holy." poor, but the nations and races that
And that is law enough, "keep the Sab- have remained true to Rome are also
bath holy." Test every question of cas- comparatively poor. On the other hand,
uistry by that; say honestly, and with an not only are the vast majority of the
earnest purpose evermore to do the right, members of the Protestant churches of
will this be keeping the Sabbath holy? the so-called better classes, but the
And you will not go far astray from Protestant nations and races are the
the divine idea of this day of sacred rest. most prosperous. Did Protestantism
?
But now, while I cannot be a law to seek the prosperous and disciple them
of
its
a
disciples
Or
was
the
prosperity
this
matter if I
any man's conscience in
would, and would not if I could, there- fruit of its life ? It is a fact that Romanare three things I want to say. First, ism does not reach the American people,
that I believe the highest good of socie- or indeed any, except those it brings
ty and the eternal well-being of our with it. It does not reach the poor or
souls, are intimately dependent upon the rich, except as it imports them.
the hallowing of this day of rest. And But the history of Protestantism shows
so it is of infinite concern that we should that it tends to elevate, refine, and enrich
its disciples. Evangelical Christianity
guard it jealously.
And the men who are blamed
pays.
Second, that just now the drift of sowith the Church for social
uniting
for
ciety is away from the divine command reasons must at least be commended for
a
and
it
is
not
so
time their
to keep it holy,
business sense.
for you and me to be careless about it's
If the Church is drifting, it is at least
sacredness. If we err at all, let us make
sure to err upon the side of the divine drifting in a hopeful direction. It numbers
among its members the best of the laborrequirement.
ing classes, and a majority are of the
lies
as
just
For third, that way
it is written here—Isa. 58:13, 14—"If cultured, business and wealthy classes.
thou turn away thy foot from the Sab- Its drift, then, is upward. Better than
bath, from doing thy pleasure upon my downward to the hovel and the poorholy day; and call the Sabbath a delight, house. As the poorer classes enter, the
and the holy ofthe Lord honorable; and Church, in its drift, carries them upward
shall honor it, not doing thine own ways, in the social scale. Rev. Alexander
nor finding thine own pleasure, nor Jackson, in N. Y. Independent.

—

THE FRIEND.

y M.

T D. LANE'S

C. A. BUILDING,

JH.

SOPER,
Successor to

•

Corner of Hotel and Alakea Sts.,
HONOLULU.

S. D. FULLER, General

MARBLE WORKS,
No.

Secretary.

130 Fort

Street, near Hotel,

Head

Monuments,

Tablets, Marble Mantles, Marble work of every

YOUNG MEN'S BIBLE CLASS,
Conducted by the General Secretary, meets Sundays at 10 a. m.
Gospel Praise Service
on Sunday evenings at 6:45.

BLUE RIBBON LEAGUE ENTERTAINMENT
Key.

Gowan, President.

H. H.

INGS
The Third Thursday of each month, at 7:30 p. m.
EVERYBODY MADE WELCOME.

JOHN

FHOTOO-Pt-AJPIIEI*,,

BOOK BINDER,
"FRIEND" BUILDING, UPSTAIRS,
Book Binding, Piper Ruling, and Blank Book Manufacturing in all its Branches.
Good Work Guaranteed and Moderate Charges.
feb-88

WOODLAWN

DAIRY & STOCK

COMPANY,

piTY

janl7yr

<»as Fitter, etc.

pHAS.

p

-

#

TINKKK,

Family and Shipping Butcher,
CITY MARKKT, Nuuanu Street.
All orders delivered with quick dispatch and at reasonable rates. Vegetables fresh every morning.
janB7yr
Telephone 289, both Companies.

pEORGE

LUCAS,

HONOLULU STEAM PLANING
MILL,
ESPLANADE, HONOLULU, H. I.
Manufacturer of allkinds of Mouldings,Brackets,Window
Frames, Blinds, Sashes, Doors, and all kinds of Woodwork
Finish. Turning, Scroll and Band Sawing. All kinds of
Planing, Sawing, Morticing and Tenanting. Orders promptly attended to, and work Guaranteed. Orders from the
janB7yr
other Islands solicited.

THE

POPULAR MILLINERY
HOUSE.
104 Fort Street, Honolulu, H. I.

N. S. SACHS,

Proprietor.

Direct Importer of

AND FANCY GOODS

Ladies*and Gent's Furnishing Goods.

j»n»7jrr

ef

HARNESS.

Orders from the other Islands promptly attended to.

& NAVY CONTRACTOR

JOSEPH

HAMMER,

ji»nB7yr.

Done in the most workmanlike manner.
Racing and trotting Shoes a specialty. Rates reasonableHighest awardand Diploma for handmade Shoes at the
Hawaii Exhibition, 1884. Horses taken to and from the
shop whendesired.
janB7yr
J. W. Mi DONALD, Proprietor.

QIHIPPING

ftDB7

Honolulu, H. I.

Horse-Shoeing in all its Branches.

,

Rent.

SADDLERY

Pantheon Staines.

,

to

Manufacturerand Dealer in all kinds of

Bell Telephone, 181.
opposite

and

UPHOLSTERY
Chairs

SHOEING SHOP,

MILK, CREAM, BUTTER, MILLINERY
AND LIVE STOCK.

FURNITURE

Stoven and Ranges of all kinds, Plumbers' .Stock and
Metals. House Furnishing Goods, Chandeliers.
l.amps, Etc.
janB7yr
kaahumanu St., Honolulu.

feb-88

T C. MARCHANT,

CO.,
No 74 King Street,

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER,

Street, Honolulu,

Residences, Views, Etc. taken to order

TJOPP &

TIN, COPPER AND SHEET IRON

T A. GONSALVES,
139 Fort

janB7yr.

NOTT,

Kort-St..

THOS. G. THRUM,
Publisher, Honolulu.

Subscriptions received for any Paper or Magazine published. Special orders received for any Books published.

IMPORTERS & MANUFACTURERS OK

FOR 1888.

Address:

News Dealer.

Merchant Street, Honolulu, H. I.

janB7yr

ALMANAC & ANNUAL

This regular and favorite publication
is now in its lourteenth year, and has
proveil itself a reliable hand-book of
reference on matters Hawaiian;conveying
■ better knowledge of the commercial,
agricultural, political and social progress
ofthe islands than any publication extant.
Orders from abroad or from the other
islands attended to with promptness.
Price—to Postal Union Countries 60
cts. each, which can be remittea ay Money
Order. Price to any part of these islands
50 cents each.
Back numbers to 1875 can be had, excepting for the years 1879,1882and 1883.

25

and

AT THE

Monuments and Headstones Cleaned and Re-set.
Orders from the other'islands Promptly attended to.

Worker, Plumber,

MO NTHL YB USINESS MEET-

fei-88

Tombs,

Stones,

Open every day from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m., and DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER
supplied with the Leading Periodicals
from various parts of the world.
lowest possible rates.

HAWAIIAN

Stationer

Manufacturer of

FREE READING ROOM

Every Saturday Evening at 7:30,

J. M. Oat, Jr., ft Co.

E. WILLIAMS,
Importer, Manufacturer, Upholsterer and

Dealer in all kinds of Furniture,
Ftirnitnre Warerooms in New Fire-proof Building.
Nos. 111 Fort Street and 66 Hotel Streets.
Agency Detroit Safe Co.

Feather, Hair, Hay and Eureka
Mattressesand Pillows, and Spring Mattresses on hand and
made to order. Pianos and Sewing Machines always on
hand and for sale or rent. Best Violin and Guitar Strings
and all kinds of Musical Instruments for sale as cheap as
the cheapest.
janB7yr.

BAGGAGE EXPRESS
SANDERS'
(M. N. Sanders, Proprietor.)
You will always find on your arrival

Ready to DeliverFreightand Baggage of Every Description
With Promptness and Despatch.
Both Telephones, No. 86.
Office, 61 King Street.
juB7yr.
Residence 118 Nuuanu Street.

HONOLULU

IRON WORKS CO.,

MANUFACTURERS OK

MACERATION TWO-ROLL MILLS,
With Patent Automatic Feed.
Double and Tripple Effects, Vacuum Pans and Cleaning
Pans, Steamand Water Pipes, Brass and Iron Fittings of
all descriptions, etc.
anB;yr
HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO.

T)EAVER SALOON,
H. J. NOLTE, Proprietor,

TEMPERANCE COFFEE HOUSE,
Fort Street, Honolulu.
Best Quality of Cigars, Cigarettes, Tobacco, Smokers' ArmayB6
tides, etc., always on hand.